Observational studyArchives of disease in childhood2018
Takeaway meal consumption and risk markers for coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes and obesity in children aged 9-10 years: a cross-sectional study.
Observational study in Archives of disease in childhood, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Relationship Between Children's Diet and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Chemerin Normal Function and Roles in Metabolic and Nonmetabolic Disorders: An Up-To-Date Comprehensive Review.Biochemistry research international · 2026Review
- High street retail environment interventions and their theorised impacts on health and wellbeing: A scoping review.PloS one · 2024Article
- High nutrition literacy linked with low frequency of take-out food consumption in chinese college students.BMC public health · 2023Article
- A narrative review of online food delivery in Australia: challenges and opportunities for public health nutrition policy.Public health nutrition · 2023Review
- Nutritional quality and consumer health perception of online delivery food in the context of China.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Understanding the Online Environment for the Delivery of Food, Alcohol and Tobacco: An Exploratory Analysis of 'Dark Kitchens' and Rapid Grocery Delivery Services.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Predictors of Childhood High Blood Pressure among Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents according to the Lifestyle-Scoring Algorithm Using Data from Iranian Health Care Reform Plan.Clinical nutrition research · 2021Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of dyslipidaemia among university workers in Southeast Nigeria: a cross-sectional study.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2021Article
- Potential health-related behaviors for pre-school and school-aged children during COVID-19 lockdown: A narrative review.Preventive medicine · 2021Review
- The cross-sectional relationships between consumption of takeaway food, eating meals outside the home and diet quality in British adolescents.Public health nutrition · 2019Article
- Serum Chemerin Levels Correlate With Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Children and Adolescents.Clinical medicine insights. Pediatrics · 2019Article
- Assessing health-related behaviors among Jordanian children during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.Pharmacy practiceArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate associations between takeaway meal consumption and risk markers for coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes and obesity risk markers in children.
designA cross-sectional, school-based observational study.
setting85 primary schools across London, Birmingham and Leicester.
participants1948 UK primary school children in year 5, aged 9-10 years.
main outcome measuresChildren reported their frequency of takeaway meal consumption, completed a 24-hour dietary recall, had physical measurements and provided a fasting blood sample.
resultsAmong 1948 participants with complete data, 499 (26%) never/hardly ever consumed a takeaway meal, 894 (46%) did so <1/week and 555 (28%) did ≥1/week. In models adjusted for age, sex, month, school, ethnicity and socioeconomic status, more frequent takeaway meal consumption was associated with higher dietary intakes of energy, fat % energy and saturated fat % energy and higher energy density (all P trend <0.001) and lower starch, protein and micronutrient intakes (all P trend <0.05). A higher frequency of takeaway meal consumption was associated with higher serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P trend=0.04, 0.01, respectively); children eating a takeaway meal ≥1/week had total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol 0.09 mmol/L (95% CI 0.01 to 0.18) and 0.10 mmol/L (95% CI 0.02 to 0.18) higher respectively than children never/hardly ever eating a takeaway meal; their fat mass index was also higher.
conclusionsMore frequent takeaway meal consumption in children was associated with unhealthy dietary nutrient intake patterns and potentially with adverse longer term consequences for obesity and coronary heart disease risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.