SynthesisInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2018
Risk factors for serious outcomes associated with influenza illness in high- versus low- and middle-income countries: Systematic literature review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05996549 (Acceptability, Cost-Effectiveness, and Capacity of a Facility-Based Seasonal Influenza Vaccination), which is not on this map. Cited by 78 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Acceptability, Cost-Effectiveness, and Capacity of a Facility-Based Seasonal Influenza Vaccination: A Study in Selected Hospitals of Bangladesh
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Genome-Wide Association Studies of Hospitalized Influenza Identify Four Risk Loci and Reveal Shared and Unique Genetic Factors Compared With COVID-19.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Pooled it
- Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2024-25 Influenza Season.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2024Guideline
- Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2022-23 Influenza Season.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2022Guideline
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of host genetic factors associated with influenza severity.BMC genomics · 2021Pooled it
- The impact of behavioural risk factors on communicable diseases: a systematic review of reviews.BMC public health · 2021Pooled it
- Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2019-20 Influenza Season.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2019Guideline
- Risk factors for serious outcomes associated with influenza illness in high- versus low- and middle-income countries: Systematic literature review and meta-analysis.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2018Pooled it
- Article
- A Sequence-Based Update on Amino Acid Substitutions in Influenza Polymerase Acidic Protein in Europe That Alter Baloxavir Susceptibility From 2009 to 2025.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- Association between COVID-19 booster vaccination and influenza mortality: a nationwide retrospective cohort study using the SIVEP-Gripe database in Brazil.Immunologic research · 2026Article
- Acute Respiratory Tract Infections and Severe Disease Among Hospitalized Children.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Improving Influenza Vaccine Uptake in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries: A Synthesis of Interventions and Strategic Recommendations.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Individual and Environmental Factors Influencing Influenza Transmission: A Multilevel Analysis.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- Hypertension and other comorbidities associated with increased mortality in hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19 in spain: a descriptive, retrospective, nationwide study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Risk and resilience factors associated with the progression of influenza to severe disease outcomes: umbrella review protocol.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Frequency, lethality, and demographic trends of acute respiratory viruses in hospitalized patients: insights from a German tertiary care hospital from july 2022 to april 2023.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Expanding Influenza Vaccination to Adults Aged 50 and Over in France.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Article
- Addressing influenza in Bangladesh: closing evidence and policy gaps with strategic interventions.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2025Review
- Characterization of a Novel 2018 Influenza Virus Outbreak on the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, in the Summer.Microorganisms · 2025Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo determine factors associated with a serious outcome (hospital admission or severe outcome: critical care or death) and associated with illness caused by laboratory-confirmed influenza, with a specific interest in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).
methodDatabases were searched on 11 March 2016 for reports of influenza and factors associated with mortality or morbidity in humans, with no language restrictions. Pooled risks were estimated using random-effects models.
resultsDespite the heterogeneity of results across studies, known risk factors for serious disease were associated with both hospital admission and severe outcomes (critical care and/or death). In LMIC, but not in high income countries (HIC), pregnant women, people with HIV/AIDS and children < 5 years old (compared with older children) were at increased risk of a severe outcome. Also, although all patients with neurological conditions were at higher risk of severe outcomes than those without, children were at higher risk than adults and children who lived in a LMIC were at significantly higher risk than those living in HIC. Adults were more likely than children to suffer a severe outcome if they had diabetes or a hematologic condition, were obese or had liver disease. Asthma is a risk factor for hospital admission but not for severe outcomes.
conclusionKnown risk factors for serious disease remain important predictors of hospital admission and severe outcomes with few differences between HIC and LMIC countries. These differences likely reflect differences in health-seeking behaviours and health services, but high heterogeneity between studies limits conclusions about the effect size.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.