Observational studyThe Journal of rheumatology2018
Opioid Analgesic Use in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis: An Analysis of the Prospective Study of Outcomes in an Ankylosing Spondylitis Cohort.
Observational study in The Journal of rheumatology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Long version on the S3 guidelines for axial spondyloarthritis including Bechterew's disease and early forms, Update 2019 : Evidence-based guidelines of the German Society for Rheumatology (DGRh) and participating medical scientific specialist societies and other organizations].Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2019Guideline
- Decoding pain in axial spondyloarthritis: Mechanisms, management, and future directions.Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology · 2026Review
- High Burden and Phenotype-Specific Variability of Pain Polypharmacy in Early Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases: A 15-Year Real-World Analysis.Research square · 2026Article
- Effect of Early Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Initiation on Chronic Opioid Use in Individuals With Axial Spondyloarthritis.Arthritis care & research · 2026Article
- Trends in Opioid Prescriptions in Individuals With Axial Spondyloarthritis in the United States and United Kingdom in the Last Two Decades: Analysis of Electronic Health Records and Insurance Claims Data.Arthritis care & research · 2026Observational
- Annual trends in pain management modalities in patients with newly diagnosed autoimmune rheumatic diseases in the USA from 2007 to 2021: an administrative claims-based study.The Lancet. Rheumatology · 2024Article
- Opioid use surrounding diagnosis and follow-up in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis: Results from US claims databases.Clinical rheumatology · 2024Article
- Characteristics and Hospital Outcomes of 1403 Patients Hospitalized at Community Hospitals With Ankylosing Spondylitis.HCA healthcare journal of medicine · 2024Article
- Clinical and structural damage outcomes in axial spondyloarthritis patients receiving NSAIDs or advanced therapies: a description of a real-life cohort.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Prescription of analgesics in patients with rheumatic diseases in Germany : A claims data analysis.Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2021Article
- [Prescription of analgesics in patients with rheumatic diseases in Germany : A claims data analysis. German version].Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2021Article
- Cardiovascular Risk Scores in Axial Spondyloarthritis Versus the General Population: A Cross-sectional Study.The Journal of rheumatology · 2021Article
- Trends of Opioid Use Disorder and Associated Factors in Hospitalized Patients With Arthritis.Cureus · 2020Article
- The changing profile of ankylosing spondylitis in the biologic era.Clinical rheumatology · 2020Article
- Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs as Potential Disease-Modifying Medications in Axial Spondyloarthritis.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2020Review
- lncRNA MEG3 Suppresses the Progression of Ankylosis Spondylitis by Regulating the Let-7i/SOST Axis.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2020Article
- Article
- Review
- Harmonization, data management, and statistical issues related to prospective multicenter studies in Ankylosing spondylitis (AS): Experience from the Prospective Study Of Ankylosing Spondylitis (PSOAS) cohort.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveOpioid analgesics may be prescribed to ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients with pain that is unresponsive to antirheumatic treatment. Our study assessed factors associated with opioid usage in AS.
methodsA prospective cohort of 706 patients with AS meeting modified New York criteria followed at least 2 years underwent comprehensive clinical evaluation of disease activity and functional impairment. These were assessed by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI). Radiographic severity was assessed by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Radiology Index and modified Stokes Ankylosing Spondylitis Scoring System. Medications taken concurrently with opioids, as well as C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), were determined at each study visit, performed every 6 months. Analyses were carried out at baseline, and longitudinal multivariable models were developed to identify factors independently associated with chronic and intermittent opioid usage over time.
resultsFactors significantly associated with opioid usage, especially chronic opioid use, included longer disease duration, smoking, lack of exercise, higher disease activity (BASDAI) and functional impairment (BASFI), depression, radiographic severity, and cardiovascular disease. Patients taking opioids were more likely to be using anxiolytic, hypnotic, antidepressant, and muscle relaxant medications. Multivariable analysis underscored the association with smoking, older age, antitumor necrosis factor agent use, and psychoactive drugs, as well as with subjective but not objective determinants of disease activity.
conclusionOpioid usage was more likely to be associated with subjective measures (depression, BASDAI, BASFI) than objective measures (CRP, ESR), suggesting that pain in AS may derive from sources other than spinal inflammation alone.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.