Trial reportAmerican journal of ophthalmology2018
A Randomized Trial of a Binocular iPad Game Versus Part-Time Patching in Children Aged 13 to 16 Years With Amblyopia.
Trial report in American journal of ophthalmology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 73 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Patching Versus Dichoptic Stimulation Using Virtual Reality in Anisometropic Amblyopia
'Validation and Development of New Dichoptic VR-gaming Method to Treat Childhood Amblyopia; Vedea Amblyopia Therapy (VAT)
Randomized Controlled Trial of a Dichoptic Gabor Videogame Program to Improve Visual Function in Children With Amblyopia
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 128 citations in OpenAlex.
- Short- and long-term outcomes of binocular gaming versus patching in childhood amblyopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Interventions for improving adherence to amblyopia treatments in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Binocular treatment for amblyopia: a systematic review.International ophthalmology · 2024Pooled it
- Brazilian best practice guidelines for amblyopia diagnosis and management.Arquivos brasileiros de oftalmologia · 2024Guideline
- Computer-Assisted Visual Training in Children and Adolescents with Developmental Visual Disorders.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2023Pooled it
- Amblyopia Preferred Practice Pattern.Ophthalmology · 2023Guideline
- Efficacy of vision-based treatments for children and teens with amblyopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Efficacy of interventions for amblyopia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMC ophthalmology · 2020Pooled it
- Analysis of patient adherence to emerging treatment tools for improving visual functions in amblyopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of optometryPooled it
- Effectiveness of binocular therapy as a complementary treatment of part-time patching in older amblyopic children: a randomized clinical trial.International ophthalmology · 2023Trial
- New treatment for amblyopia based on rules of synaptic plasticity: a randomized clinical trial.Science China. Life sciences · 2022Trial
- Barriers to successful dichoptic treatment for amblyopia in young children.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2021Trial
- Effect of dichoptic video game treatment on mild amblyopia - a pilot study.Acta ophthalmologica · 2021Trial
- A randomized clinical trial of contrast increment protocols for binocular amblyopia treatment.Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus · 2020Trial
- A Randomized Trial of Binocular Dig Rush Game Treatment for Amblyopia in Children Aged 7 to 12 Years.Ophthalmology · 2019Trial
- Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Strabismus with and without Amblyopia from Fixation Eye Movements.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Amblyopia Severity Predicts Fixation Dysfunction Independent of Nystagmus and Foveation Disruption in Fusion Maldevelopment Nystagmus.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Visually Guided Saccades in Amblyopia and Strabismus: The Roles of Sensory Deficits and Nystagmus.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Differential Fixation and Eye Alignment Patterns in Strabismus with and Without Amblyopia Across Viewing Conditions.Journal of eye movement research · 2026Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo compare visual acuity (VA) improvement in teenagers with amblyopia treated with a binocular iPad game vs part-time patching.
methodsOne hundred participants aged 13 to <17 years (mean 14.3 years) with amblyopia (20/40 to 20/200, mean ∼20/63) resulting from strabismus, anisometropia, or both were enrolled into a randomized clinical trial. Participants were randomly assigned to treatment for 16 weeks of either a binocular iPad game prescribed for 1 hour per day (n = 40) or patching of the fellow eye prescribed for 2 hours per day (n = 60). The main outcome measure was change in amblyopic eye VA from baseline to 16 weeks.
resultsMean amblyopic eye VA improved from baseline by 3.5 letters (2-sided 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3-5.7 letters) in the binocular group and by 6.5 letters (2-sided 95% CI: 4.4-8.5 letters) in the patching group. After adjusting for baseline VA, the difference between the binocular and patching groups was -2.7 letters (95% CI: -5.7 to 0.3 letters, P = .082) or 0.5 lines, favoring patching. In the binocular group, treatment adherence data from the iPad device indicated that only 13% of participants completed >75% of prescribed treatment.
conclusionsIn teenagers aged 13 to <17 years, improvement in amblyopic eye VA with the binocular iPad game used in this study was not found to be better than patching, and was possibly worse. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether the minimal treatment response to binocular treatment was owing to poor treatment adherence or lack of treatment effect.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.