ReviewNeuroscience letters2019
The central extended amygdala in fear and anxiety: Closing the gap between mechanistic and neuroimaging research.
Review in Neuroscience letters, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 128 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
128 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology and the search for neurobiological substrates of mental illness: A systematic review and roadmap for future research.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2024Pooled it
- The Overlapping Neurobiology of Induced and Pathological Anxiety: A Meta-Analysis of Functional Neural Activation.The American journal of psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Amygdala activity after subchronic escitalopram administration in healthy volunteers: A pharmaco-functional magnetic resonance imaging study.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Multivariate neural signatures of worry become more differentiated across adolescence and young adulthood: An ultra-high field (7T) fMRI study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Proenkephalin neurons in the adBNST mitigate stress-induced anxiety and estrous cycle disruption in female mice.Neurobiology of stress · 2026Article
- Regulation of amygdala and dopamine system in naïve and chronic alcohol states.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Substantial evidence against sex differences in bed nucleus of the stria terminalis volume in the human brain.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Protocol to study neurobiological pathways to adverse patterns of substance use in adolescents with anxiety.Addiction neuroscience · 2026Article
- Respiratory-Limbic Coupling via a Thalamic Circuit Alleviates Anxiety.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Fear, anxiety, and the extended amygdala-absence of evidence for strict functional segregation.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2026Article
- Noninvasive Suppression of Responses to Threat Using Focused Ultrasonic Waves.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- The role of the anterior cingulate cortex in anxiety control, from circuits to disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Amygdala and insula activation in youth with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder in response to aversive food-specific fear images.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Fear, anxiety, and the extended amygdala-bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Heightened subcortical reactivity to uncertain-threat is associated with future internalizing symptoms, conditional on stress exposure.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Hippocampal, thalamic, and amygdala subfield morphology in major depressive disorder: an ultra-high resolution MRI study at 7-Tesla.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Fear Circuits in Panic Disorder: An Update.Alpha psychiatry · 2025Review
- A Shared Threat-Anticipation Circuit Is Dynamically Engaged at Different Moments by Certain and Uncertain Threat.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
68 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Anxiety disorders impose a staggering burden on public health, underscoring the need to develop a deeper understanding of the distributed neural circuits underlying extreme fear and anxiety. Recent work highlights the importance of the central extended amygdala, including the central nucleus of the amygdala (Ce) and neighboring bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST). Anatomical data indicate that the Ce and BST form a tightly interconnected unit, where different kinds of threat-relevant information can be integrated to assemble states of fear and anxiety. Neuroimaging studies show that the Ce and BST are engaged by a broad spectrum of potentially threat-relevant cues. Mechanistic work demonstrates that the Ce and BST are critically involved in organizing defensive responses to a wide range of threats. Studies in rodents have begun to reveal the specific molecules, cells, and microcircuits within the central extended amygdala that underlie signs of fear and anxiety, but the relevance of these tantalizing discoveries to human experience and disease remains unclear. Using a combination of focal perturbations and whole-brain imaging, a new generation of nonhuman primate studies is beginning to close this gap. This work opens the door to discovering the mechanisms underlying neuroimaging measures linked to pathological fear and anxiety, to understanding how the Ce and BST interact with one another and with distal brain regions to govern defensive responses to threat, and to developing improved intervention strategies.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.