ArticleEnvironmental toxicology2018
Dihydroxyacetone induces G2/M arrest and apoptotic cell death in A375P melanoma cells.
Article in Environmental toxicology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dihydroxyacetone nanoparticles ameliorate osteoarthritis via P21-mediated regulation of chondrocyte repair.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Insights into Tanning Biology and Tanning Products.The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology · 2026Review
- Unraveling the Toxicological Effects of Hydroxyacetone - A Reaction Product in Electronic Cigarette Aerosols.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Inhalation exposure to dihydroxyacetone promotes lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis in A/J mice.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- Acute exposure to dihydroxyacetone promotes genotoxicity and chromosomal instability in lung, cardiac, and liver cell models.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2024Article
- A tipping point in dihydroxyacetone exposure: mitochondrial stress and metabolic reprogramming alter survival in rat cardiomyocytes H9c2 cells.Chemico-biological interactions · 2024Article
- In search of the perfect tan: Chemical activity, biological effects, business considerations, and consumer implications of dihydroxyacetone sunless tanning products.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2023Review
- Phytochemical Characterization, Antioxidant Activity, and Cytotoxicity of Methanolic Leaf Extract ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Dihydroxyacetone suppresses mTOR nutrient signaling and induces mitochondrial stress in liver cells.PloS one · 2022Article
- Exogenous exposure to dihydroxyacetone mimics high fructose induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.Environmental and molecular mutagenesis · 2021Review
- The sunless tanning agent dihydroxyacetone induces stress response gene expression and signaling in cultured human keratinocytes and reconstructed epidermis.Redox biology · 2020Article
- Bi-allelic Variants in TKFC Encoding Triokinase/FMN Cyclase Are Associated with Cataracts and Multisystem Disease.American journal of human genetics · 2020Article
- In Vitro Evaluation of Chemically AnalyzedMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Dihydroxyacetone Exposure Alters NAD(P)H and Induces Mitochondrial Stress and Autophagy in HEK293T Cells.Chemical research in toxicology · 2019Article
- Dihydroxyacetone: An Updated Insight into an Important Bioproduct.ChemistryOpen · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The active ingredient in sunless tanning products (STPs) is a simple sugar, dihydroxyacetone (DHA). Several studies have demonstrated that DHA is absorbed within the viable layers of skin and not fully contained within the stratum corneum. Additionally, spray tanning and other aerosolized application methods have increased the risk of internal exposure through mucous membranes and inhalation. Beyond its presence in STPs, DHA also occurs as an endogenous by-product of fructose metabolism, and an excess of DHA in cells can induce advanced glycation end (AGE) products and oxidative stress. Therefore, exogenous and endogenous exposures to DHA may be harmful to cells, and it has already been demonstrated that exogenous exposure to DHA is cytotoxic in immortalized keratinocytes. Still, little is known about the exogenous DHA exposure effects on other skin components. In this study, we explore the effects of exogenous DHA exposure in a human melanoma cell line, A375P. Melanoma cells were sensitive to DHA and displayed a transient burst of reactive oxygen species within an hour of exposure. Cell cycle arrest at G2/M was observed within 24 h of exposure, and apoptosis, monitored by the cleavage of PARP-1 and Caspase-3, was detected within 72 h of exposure to DHA. Together, these demonstrate that exogenous exposure to DHA has cytotoxic effects in our selected cell model and indicates the need to further investigate the exogenous exposure effects of DHA in other relevant exposure models.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.