ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2018
Blood Lead Levels and Dental Caries in U.S. Children Who Do Not Drink Tap Water.
Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review of Lead Exposure and Its Effects on Caries and Aesthetics in Children and Adolescents.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Trends and disparities in concurrent tap water avoidance and household food insecurity among US children.Nature water · 2024Article
- Metal mixtures and oral health among children and adolescents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2017-2020.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2024Article
- Article
- Combined effect of dietary calcium consumption and physical activity on dental caries in children and adolescents: a study of the NHANES database.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Effect of bottled fluoridated water to prevent dental caries in primary teeth: study protocol for a phase 2 parallel group 3.5-year randomized controlled clinical trial (waterBEST).Research square · 2024Article
- Characteristics Associated With Purchasing Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Bottled Water Among US Households, 2015.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2024Article
- Tap Water Avoidance Is Associated with Lower Food Security in the United States: Evidence from NHANES 2005-2018.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2023Article
- Factors Affecting Dental Caries Experience in 12-Year-Olds, Based on Data from Two Polish Provinces.Nutrients · 2022Article
- The Relationship between Fluid Milk, Water, and 100% Juice and Health Outcomes among Children and Adolescents.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Examining recent trends in the racial disparity gap in tap water consumption: NHANES 2011-2018.Public health nutrition · 2022Article
- Associations between Household Water Fluoridation Status and Plain Tap or Bottled Water Consumption.JDR clinical and translational research · 2021Article
- Understanding the Impact of Extracellular Polymeric Substances on Lead Release in Drinking Water Systems.ACS omega · 2018Article
- Water Fluoridation and Dental Caries in U.S. Children and Adolescents.Journal of dental research · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThis study's purpose is to determine whether nonconsumption of tap water is associated with lower prevalence of elevated blood lead levels and higher prevalence of dental caries in children and adolescents.
methodsCross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2014 recorded drinking water source (n=15,604) and blood lead levels (n=12,373) for participants aged 2-19 years, and dental caries experience for the 2011-2014 subset (n=5,677). The threshold for elevated blood lead level was ≥3 μg/dL. A binary outcome indicated presence or absence of dental caries experience. Multivariable generalized linear models estimated adjusted prevalence ratios with 95% confidence limits.
resultsIn analysis conducted in 2017, 15% of children and adolescents did not drink tap water, 3% had elevated blood lead levels ≥3 μg/dL, and 50% had dental caries experience. Children and adolescents who did not drink water were less likely than tap water drinkers to have an elevated blood lead level (adjusted prevalence ratios=0.62, 95% confidence limits=0.42, 0.90). Nonconsumers of tap water were more likely to have dental caries (adjusted prevalence ratios=1.13, 95% confidence limits=1.03, 1.23). Results persisted after adjustment for other covariates and using a higher threshold for elevated blood lead level.
conclusionsIn this nationally representative U.S. survey, children and adolescents who did not drink tap water had lower prevalence of elevated blood lead levels and higher prevalence of dental caries than those who drank tap water.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.