ArticleBMC genomics2017
The insect pathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus innexi has attenuated virulence in multiple insect model hosts yet encodes a potent mosquitocidal toxin.
Article in BMC genomics, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genomic diversification and tailocin-mediated competition in animal-associatedISME communications · 2026Article
- Analyses of Xenorhabdus griffiniae genomes reveal two distinct sub-species that display intra-species variation due to prophages.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- ExploringMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
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- Antiprotozoal activity of different Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacterial secondary metabolites and identification of bioactive compounds using the easyPACId approach.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Type Strains of Entomopathogenic Nematode-Symbiotic Bacterium Species,Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Isolation, Identification, and Biocontrol Potential of Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Associated Bacteria againstBiology · 2022Article
- Identification and environment-friendly biocontrol potential of five different bacteria againstFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- A Surface Exposed, Two-Domain Lipoprotein Cargo of a Type XI Secretion System Promotes Colonization of Host Intestinal Epithelia Expressing Glycans.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Can Symbiotic Bacteria (Biology · 2021Article
- Parasitic nematode fatty acid- and retinol-binding proteins compromise host immunity by interfering with host lipid signaling pathways.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
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- The great potential of entomopathogenic bacteria Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus for mosquito control: a review.Parasites & vectors · 2020Review
- Entomopathogenic nematode-associated microbiota: from monoxenic paradigm to pathobiome.Microbiome · 2020Article
- Fabclavine diversity inBeilstein journal of organic chemistry · 2020Article
- Spodoptera frugiperda transcriptional response to infestation by Steinernema carpocapsae.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Fabclavine biosynthesis in X. szentirmaii: shortened derivatives and characterization of the thioester reductase FclG and the condensation domain-like protein FclL.Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology · 2019Article
- Inhibition of Spodoptera frugiperda phenoloxidase activity by the products of the Xenorhabdus rhabduscin gene cluster.PloS one · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundXenorhabdus innexi is a bacterial symbiont of Steinernema scapterisci nematodes, which is a cricket-specialist parasite and together the nematode and bacteria infect and kill crickets. Curiously, X. innexi expresses a potent extracellular mosquitocidal toxin activity in culture supernatants. We sequenced a draft genome of X. innexi and compared it to the genomes of related pathogens to elucidate the nature of specialization.
resultsUsing green fluorescent protein-expressing X. innexi we confirm previous reports using culture-dependent techniques that X. innexi colonizes its nematode host at low levels (~3-8 cells per nematode), relative to other Xenorhabdus-Steinernema associations. We found that compared to the well-characterized entomopathogenic nematode symbiont X. nematophila, X. innexi fails to suppress the insect phenoloxidase immune pathway and is attenuated for virulence and reproduction in the Lepidoptera Galleria mellonella and Manduca sexta, as well as the dipteran Drosophila melanogaster. To assess if, compared to other Xenorhabdus spp., X. innexi has a reduced capacity to synthesize virulence determinants, we obtained and analyzed a draft genome sequence. We found no evidence for several hallmarks of Xenorhabdus spp. toxicity, including Tc and Mcf toxins. Similar to other Xenorhabdus genomes, we found numerous loci predicted to encode non-ribosomal peptide/polyketide synthetases. Anti-SMASH predictions of these loci revealed one, related to the fcl locus that encodes fabclavines and zmn locus that encodes zeamines, as a likely candidate to encode the X. innexi mosquitocidal toxin biosynthetic machinery, which we designated Xlt. In support of this hypothesis, two mutants each with an insertion in an Xlt biosynthesis gene cluster lacked the mosquitocidal compound based on HPLC/MS analysis and neither produced toxin to the levels of the wild type parent.
conclusionsThe X. innexi genome will be a valuable resource in identifying loci encoding new metabolites of interest, but also in future comparative studies of nematode-bacterial symbiosis and niche partitioning among bacterial pathogens.
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