ArticlePersonality & social psychology bulletin2018
Agency Beliefs Over Time and Across Cultures: Free Will Beliefs Predict Higher Job Satisfaction.
Article in Personality & social psychology bulletin, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Free will in the eyes of Muslims and Christians.PNAS nexus · 2026Article
- Free to be Healthy? Free Will Beliefs are Positively Associated With Health Behavior.Psychological reports · 2026Article
- The psychology of leading together: free will beliefs, self-regulation, and self-efficacy in shared leadership.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Examining the Relationship Between Free Will Belief and Job Crafting in Nurses.Journal of nursing management · 2025Article
- Do People Believe They Are Less Predictable Than Others? Three Replications of Pronin and Kugler's (2010) Experiment 1.International review of social psychology · 2024Article
- Sensemaking, adaptation and agency in human-exoskeleton synchrony.Frontiers in robotics and AI · 2023Article
- Article
- Free will beliefs are better predicted by dualism than determinism beliefs across different cultures.PloS one · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
In three studies, we examined the relationship between free will beliefs and job satisfaction over time and across cultures. Study 1 examined 252 Taiwanese real-estate agents over a 3-months period. Study 2 examined job satisfaction for 137 American workers on an online labor market over a 6-months period. Study 3 extended to a large sample of 14,062 employees from 16 countries and examined country-level moderators. We found a consistent positive relationship between the belief in free will and job satisfaction. The relationship was above and beyond other agency constructs (Study 2), mediated by perceived autonomy (Studies 2-3), and stronger in countries with a higher national endorsement of the belief in free will (Study 3). We conclude that free-will beliefs predict outcomes over time and across cultures beyond other agency constructs. We call for more cross-cultural and longitudinal studies examining free-will beliefs as predictors of real-life outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.