ArticleEuropean journal of nutrition2019
The association of whole and refined grains consumption with psychological disorders among Iranian adults.
Article in European journal of nutrition, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The Relationship between Whole-Grain Intake and Measures of Cognitive Decline, Mood, and Anxiety-A Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- Whole-Grain Consumption Does Not Affect Obesity Measures: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- Food-Based Dietary Inflammatory Index in Relation to Breast Cancer.International journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Adherence to the healthy nordic food index is associated with favorable obesity-related cardiometabolic risk factors among apparently healthy obese individuals.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Plant-based diets especially healthy ones are negatively associated with depression: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Association between daily dietary intake trajectory and depressive symptom onset and transition among young adults: a longitudinal study.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Mendelian Randomisation Analysis of Dietary Exposures and Potential Risks of Anxiety and Depression.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2025Article
- The Association of Nutrient Patterns and Risk of Ulcerative Colitis: A Case-Control Study.Crohn's & colitis 360 · 2025Article
- Impact of DASH and mediterranean diets on mood and happiness in young adult males: a cross-sectional study.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Association between Mediterranean diet and metabolic health status among adults was not mediated through serum adropin levels.BMC public health · 2025Observational
- Association between osteoporosis and refined grain consumption in postmenopausal women: A case-control study.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2025Article
- The Associations between Depression and Sugar Consumption Are Mediated by Emotional Eating and Craving Control in Multi-Ethnic Young Adults.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Breakfast quality and its sociodemographic and psychosocial correlates among Italian children, adolescents, and adults from the Italian Nutrition & HEalth Survey (INHES) study.Nutrition journal · 2024Article
- Dietary Magnesium Intake Is Inversely Associated With Ulcerative Colitis: A Case-Control Study.Crohn's & colitis 360 · 2024Article
- Diet quality and anxiety: a critical overview with focus on the gut microbiome.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Association between Mediterranean dietary pattern with sleep duration, sleep quality and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in Iranian adults.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The association between nutrients and occurrence of COVID-19 outcomes in the population of Western Iran: A cohort study.The clinical respiratory journal · 2023Article
- Association of combined healthy lifestyle with general and abdominal obesity.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeAlthough several studies have examined the link between different types of carbohydrate consumption and depression and anxiety, limited data are available linking whole and refined grains consumption to psychological disorders. We aimed to investigate the association of whole and refined grains consumption with psychological disorders among Iranian adults.
methodsA total of 3172 adult people with age range of 18-55 years were included in this cross-sectional study. Data on grains consumption were collected using a validated dish-based 106-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. To assess depression and anxiety, Iranian validated version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was applied. Furthermore, psychological distress was examined using General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Psychological disorders were defined based on standard criteria.
resultsMean age of participants was 36.5 ± 7.9 years. Women in the third quartile of whole grains consumption had lower odds for having anxiety (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.45-0.85) compared with those in the first quartile. This relationship was also seen even after controlling for potential confounders (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.44-0.96). In contrast, compared with the first quartile, women in the highest quartile of refined grains consumption had greater odds to have depression (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.00-3.09) and anxiety (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.00-4.10) after adjusting for covariates. Such relationships were not observed among men.
conclusionModerate consumption of whole grain foods was inversely associated with anxiety in women, but not in men. Furthermore, we found a significant positive association between refined grains consumption, depression and anxiety in women.
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