ArticleSpine2018
Associations of Race and Ethnicity With Patient-Reported Outcomes and Health Care Utilization Among Older Adults Initiating a New Episode of Care for Back Pain.
Article in Spine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Multi-ancestry meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies discovers 67 new loci associated with chronic back pain.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Patient, Provider, and Clinic Characteristics Associated with Opioid and Non-Opioid Pain Prescriptions for Patients Receiving Low Back Imaging in Primary Care.Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFMTrial
- Race as a determinant of clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of axial spondyloarthritis in the United States.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Review
- Neighborhood disadvantage predicts health resource utilization after lumbar spine surgery: a cohort study.Acta neurochirurgica · 2025Article
- Patient Diagnostic Journey and Time to Diagnosis in Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using US Claims Data.Rheumatology and therapy · 2025Article
- Disparities in Time to Diagnosis of Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis.The Journal of rheumatology · 2025Observational
- Opioid Prescriptions for Low Back Pain among Military-Connected Older Adults Across Multiple Care Systems.Drugs & aging · 2025Article
- Transition from acute to chronic low back pain in a community-based cohort.The journal of pain · 2025Article
- Relationships Between Socioecological Factors and Self-Efficacy to Participate in Physical Activity for Adults With Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: An Integrative Review.Physical therapy · 2024Review
- Racial Differences in Movement-Related Appraisals and Pain Behaviors Among Adults With Chronic Low Back Pain.The journal of pain · 2024Article
- Article
- Characterizing Acute Low Back Pain in a Community-Based Cohort: Results from a Feasibility Cohort Study.Journal of pain research · 2024Article
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Incidence of High-Impact Chronic Pain Among Primary Care Patients with Acute Low Back Pain: A Cohort Study.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2023Article
- Association between early nonpharmacological management and follow-up for low back pain in the veterans health administration.North American Spine Society journal · 2023Article
- Predicting decompression surgery by applying multimodal deep learning to patients' structured and unstructured health data.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2023Article
- Racial Differences in Pain, Nutrition, and Oxidative Stress.Pain and therapy · 2022Review
- Use of the PROMIS-10 global health in patients with chronic low back pain in outpatient physical therapy: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2021Article
- The association of pain, race and slow gait speed in older adults.Geriatric nursing (New York, N.Y.)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
designSecondary analysis of the Back Pain Outcomes using Longitudinal Data (BOLD) cohort study.
objectiveTo characterize associations of self-reported race/ethnicity with back pain (BP) patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and health care utilization among older adults with a new episode of care for BP. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: No prior longitudinal studies have characterized associations between multiple race/ethnicity groups, and BP-related PROs and health care utilization in the United States.
methodsThis study included 5117 participants ≥65 years from three US health care systems. The primary BP-related PROs were BP intensity and back-related functional limitations over 24 months. Health care utilization measures included common diagnostic tests and treatments related to BP (spine imaging, spine-related relative value units [RVUs], and total RVUs) over 24 months. Analyses were adjusted for multiple potential confounders including sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, and study site.
resultsBaseline BP ratings were significantly higher for blacks vs. whites (5.8 vs. 5.0; P < 0.001). Participants in all race/ethnicity groups showed statistically significant, but modest improvements in BP over 24 months. Blacks and Hispanics did not have statistically significant improvement in BP-related functional limitations over time, unlike whites, Asians, and non-Hispanics; however, the magnitude of differences in improvement between groups was small. Blacks had less spine-related health care utilization over 24 months than whites (spine-related RVU ratio of means 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51-0.86). Hispanics had less spine-related health care utilization than non-Hispanics (spine-related RVU ratio of means 0.60; 95% CI 0.40-0.90).
conclusionBlacks and Hispanics had slightly less improvement in BP-related functional limitations over time, and less spine-related health care utilization, as compared to whites and non-Hispanics, respectively. Residual confounding may explain some of the association between race/ethnicity and health outcomes. Further studies are needed to understand the factors underlying these differences and which differences reflect disparities. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.