ArticleQuality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation2018
An evaluation of the structural validity of the shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) using the Rasch model.
Article in Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effectiveness of Adding a Large Dose of Shoulder Strengthening to Current Nonoperative Care for Subacromial Impingement: A Pragmatic, Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial (SExSI Trial).The American journal of sports medicine · 2021Trial
- Dynamic scapular recognition exercise improves scapular upward rotation and shoulder pain and disability in patients with adhesive capsulitis: a randomized controlled trial.The Journal of manual & manipulative therapy · 2020Trial
- Validity and Reliability of Bengali Language Shoulder Pain and Disability Index Version on Patients With Frozen Shoulder at a Rehabilitation Centre in Bangladesh: A Validation Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Influence of enhancing dynamic scapular recognition on shoulder disability, and pain in diabetics with frozen shoulder: A case report.World journal of clinical cases · 2022Article
- Psychometric Properties of Full and Shortened Persian-version of Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index Questionnaires in Persian-speaking Patients with Shoulder Pain.The archives of bone and joint surgery · 2022Article
- Effect of Adding Vertical Correction to Dynamic Scapular Recognition on Scapular Dyskinesis and Shoulder Disability in Patients With Adhesive Capsulitis: A Randomized Clinical Study.Journal of chiropractic medicine · 2022Article
- How to Assess Shoulder Functionality: A Systematic Review of Existing Validated Outcome Measures.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Evaluation of the Structural Validity of the Work Instability Scale Using the Rasch Model.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2021Article
- Validation of Persian Version of Patient-Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation: Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Rasch Analysis.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2020Article
- Nepali translation, cross-cultural adaptation and measurement properties of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI).Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2019Article
- Rasch validation of the Danish version of the shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) in patients with rotator cuff-related disorders.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2019Article
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5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) has been extensively evaluated for its psychometric properties using classical test theory (CTT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate its structural validity using Rasch model analysis.
methodsResponses to the SPADI from 1030 patients referred for physiotherapy with shoulder pain and enrolled in a prospective cohort study were available for Rasch model analysis. Overall fit, individual person and item fit, response format, dependence, unidimensionality, targeting, reliability and differential item functioning (DIF) were examined.
resultsThe SPADI pain subscale initially demonstrated a misfit due to DIF by age and gender. After iterative analysis it showed good fit to the Rasch model with acceptable targeting and unidimensionality (overall fit Chi-square statistic 57.2, p = 0.1; mean item fit residual 0.19 (1.5) and mean person fit residual 0.44 (1.1); person separation index (PSI) of 0.83. The disability subscale however shows significant misfit due to uniform DIF even after iterative analyses were used to explore different solutions to the sources of misfit (overall fit (Chi-square statistic 57.2, p = 0.1); mean item fit residual 0.54 (1.26) and mean person fit residual 0.38 (1.0); PSI 0.84).
conclusionsRasch Model analysis of the SPADI has identified some strengths and limitations not previously observed using CTT methods. The SPADI should be treated as two separate subscales. The SPADI is a widely used outcome measure in clinical practice and research; however, the scores derived from it must be interpreted with caution. The pain subscale fits the Rasch model expectations well. The disability subscale does not fit the Rasch model and its current format does not meet the criteria for true interval-level measurement required for use as a primary endpoint in clinical trials. Clinicians should therefore exercise caution when interpreting score changes on the disability subscale and attempt to compare their scores to age- and sex-stratified data.
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