ReviewBMJ open2017
A rapid review to identify physical activity accrued while playing golf.
Review in BMJ open, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Golf and Physical Health: A Systematic Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of continuous isomaltulose-containing gummy intake on interstitial glucose and salivary hormones during an 18-hole golf round: a randomized, double-blind controlled pilot study.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026Trial
- Riding a Golf Cart Versus Walking: A Study on the Physiological and Performance Differences in Tournament Golf.European journal of sport science · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- The Use of Golf Carts as On-Course Transportation During Competitive Golf Events: A Scoping Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Recovery for Professional and Elite Amateur Golfers: A Scoping Review of Evidence-Based Methods.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Beyond the Handicap: A Cross-Sectional Study of Mental Health Amongst Registered Golfers in Spain.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Nutrition and Golf Performance: A Systematic Scoping Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Golfers are physically more active and have greater health associated quality of life than non-golfers following lower limb arthroplasty.Journal of orthopaedics · 2024Article
- The global state of play: A study of the demographic characteristics of disability golfers.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation · 2023Article
- Nutritional Considerations for Elite Golf: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Lower Body Joint Moments during the Golf Swing in Older Adults: Comparison to Other Activities of Daily Living.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2023Article
- The seasonal variation of physical activity and quality of life during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Finnish older golfers: A cross-sectional study.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Golfers have greater preoperative and equal postoperative function when undergoing total knee arthroplasty compared to non-golfers.European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · 2023Article
- Cross-sectional study of characteristics and prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints in 1170 male golfers.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2023Article
- The Golfer's Fore, Fore +, and Advanced Fore + Exercise Program: An Exercise Series and Injury Prevention Program for the Golfer.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2023Article
- From uro-oncologists' perspectives: golf as a means of improving wellbeing among prostate cancer survivors.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2022Article
- Golf and Health, More than 18 Holes-A Bibliometric Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Competitive Golf: How Longer Courses Are Changing Athletes and Their Approach to the Game.Nutrients · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo identify physical activity (PA) accrued while playing golf and modifiers of PA accrued.
designA rapid review of primary research studies. Quality was assessed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute quality assessment tool for cohort and cross-sectional studies. METHODS AND OUTCOMES: The following databases were searched from 1900 to March 2017: SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Google Advanced Search, ProQuest, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. All primary research investigating golf or golfers with any of the following outcomes was included: metabolic equivalent of task, oxygen uptake, energy expenditure, heart rate, step count, distance covered, strength, flexibility, balance, sedentary behaviour.
resultsPhase one searching identified 4944 citations and phase two searching identified 170 citations. In total, 19 articles met inclusion criteria. Golf is primarily a moderate intensity PA, but may be low intensity depending on the playing population and various modifiers. Less PA is accrued by those who ride a golf cart compared with those walking the course.
conclusionsGolf can be encouraged in order to attain PA recommendations. Further research is required into the relationship between golf and strength and flexibility PA recommendations and how modifiers affect PA accrued. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42017058237.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.