ArticleNature2017
Immune evasion of Plasmodium falciparum by RIFIN via inhibitory receptors.
Article in Nature, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 94 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 161 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-Analysis of Human Antibodies AgainstFrontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Genome-Wide Analysis of the Malaria ParasiteFrontiers in immunology · 2020Trial
- Latent cytomegalovirus disrupts innate NK cell responses to P. falciparum and impairs parasite control in first infection in adults.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Article
- Inhibitory NK receptor expression associates with altered antimalarial function of γδ T cells.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Chromatin state dynamics during the Plasmodium falciparum intraerythrocytic development cycle.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Altered natural killer cell function in children with severe malaria.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Article
- Validation of LILR antibody specificities and development of LILRA3-specific antibodies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Malaria vaccines: Current developments and immunological insights.New microbes and new infections · 2025Article
- A subset of Plasmodium falciparum RIFINs is linked to severe malaria risk reduction and engages LILRB1 through a conserved structural motif.EBioMedicine · 2025Article
- Nutrient stress dramatically increases malaria parasite clag2 copy number to increase host cell permeability and enable pathogen survival.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Both inhibitory and activating KIRs recognize RIFINs: a dual-edged mechanism of NK cell control in malaria.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- The Role of LAIR1 as a Regulatory Receptor of Antitumor Immune Cell Responses and Tumor Cell Growth and Expansion.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- A High-Throughput Inhibitor Screen Targeting CLAG3 Export and Membrane Insertion on Human Erythrocytes Infected with Malaria Parasites.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Diamonds in the rif: Alignment-free comparative genomics analysis reveals strain-transcendent Plasmodium falciparum antigens amidst extensive genetic diversity.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Malaria: Factors affecting disease severity, immune evasion mechanisms, and reversal of immune inhibition to enhance vaccine efficacy.PLoS pathogens · 2025Review
- Inhibitory leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors, subfamily B (LILRBs) in human diseases: structure, roles, mechanisms, and clinical applications.Theranostics · 2025Review
- Broadly therapeutic antibody provides cross-serotype protection against enteroviruses via Fc effector functions and by mimicking SCARB2.Nature microbiology · 2024Article
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
19 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Malaria is among the most serious infectious diseases affecting humans, accounting for approximately half a million deaths each year. Plasmodium falciparum causes most life-threatening cases of malaria. Acquired immunity to malaria is inefficient, even after repeated exposure to P. falciparum, but the immune regulatory mechanisms used by P. falciparum remain largely unknown. Here we show that P. falciparum uses immune inhibitory receptors to achieve immune evasion. RIFIN proteins are products of a polymorphic multigene family comprising approximately 150-200 genes per parasite genome that are expressed on the surface of infected erythrocytes. We found that a subset of RIFINs binds to either leucocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B1 (LILRB1) or leucocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 (LAIR1). LILRB1-binding RIFINs inhibit activation of LILRB1-expressing B cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Furthermore, P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes isolated from patients with severe malaria were more likely to interact with LILRB1 than erythrocytes from patients with non-severe malaria, although an extended study with larger sample sizes is required to confirm this finding. Our results suggest that P. falciparum has acquired multiple RIFINs to evade the host immune system by targeting immune inhibitory receptors.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.