ArticleFood and environmental virology2018
Genetic Diversity Among Genogroup II Noroviruses and Progressive Emergence of GII.17 in Wastewaters in Italy (2011-2016) Revealed by Next-Generation and Sanger Sequencing.
Article in Food and environmental virology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 12 papers.
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12 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Optimization of a Semi-nested PCR Protocol for Amplifying the Entire Spike Protein Region to Identify SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Wastewater.Food and environmental virology · 2026Article
- Article
- Detection of human noroviruses in sewage by next generation sequencing in Shandong Province, 2019-2021.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Eight Years of Norovirus Surveillance in Urban Wastewater: Insights from Next-Generation.Viruses · 2025Article
- Diverse genotypes of norovirus genogroup I and II contamination in environmental water in Thailand during the COVID-19 outbreak from 2020 to 2022.Virologica Sinica · 2024Article
- Wastewater-based surveillance as a tool for public health action: SARS-CoV-2 and beyond.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Amplicon-Based High-Throughput Sequencing Method for Genotypic Characterization of Norovirus in Oysters.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- Rapid screening for SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in clinical and environmental samples using nested RT-PCR assays targeting key mutations of the spike protein.Water research · 2021Article
- Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 Circulation and Diversity through Community Wastewater Sequencing, the Netherlands and Belgium.Emerging infectious diseases · 2021Article
- High Throughput Sequencing for the Detection and Characterization of RNA Viruses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- First detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewaters in Italy.The Science of the total environment · 2020Article
- A Targeted Metagenomics Approach to Study the Diversity of Norovirus GII in Shellfish Implicated in Outbreaks.Viruses · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Noroviruses (NoV) are a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. Recently, a novel variant of NoV GII.17 (GII.P17_GII.17 NoV), termed Kawasaki 2014, has been increasingly reported in NoV outbreaks in Asia, and has also been described in Europe and North America. In this study, sewage samples were investigated to study the occurrence and genetic diversity of NoV genogroup II (GII) along a 6-year period. Moreover, the spread of GII.17 strains (first appearance and occurrence along time) was specifically assessed. A total of 122 sewage samples collected from 2011 to 2016 from four wastewater treatment plants in Rome (Italy) were initially tested using real-time RT-(q)PCR for GII NoV. Positive samples were subsequently subjected to genotypic characterization by RT-nested PCRs using broad-range primes targeting the region C of the capsid gene of GII NoV, and specific primers targeting the same region of GII.17 NoV. In total, eight different genotypes were detected with the broad-range assay: GII.1 (n = 6), GII.2 (n = 8), GII.3 (n = 3), GII.4 (n = 13), GII.6 (n = 3), GII.7 (n = 2), GII.13 (n = 2), and GII.17 (n = 3), with the latter two genotypes detected only in 2016. Specific amplification of GII.17 NoV was successful in 14 out of 110 positive samples, spanned over the years 2013-2016. The amplicons of the broad-range PCR, pooled per year, were further analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) for a deeper analysis of the genotypes circulating in the study period. NGS confirmed the circulation of GII.17 NoV since 2013 and detected, beyond the eight genotypes identified by Sanger sequencing, three additional genotypes regarded as globally uncommon: GII.5, GII.16, and GII.21. This study provides evidence that GII.17 NoV Kawasaki has been circulating in the Italian population before its appearance and identification in clinical cases, and has become a major genotype in 2016. Our results confirm the usefulness of wastewater surveillance coupled with NGS to study the molecular epidemiology of NoV and to monitor the emergence of NoV strains.
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