ArticleInternational journal of legal medicine2018
Ballistic impacts on an anatomically correct synthetic skull with a surrogate skin/soft tissue layer.
Article in International journal of legal medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sharp force trauma analysis without animal bones: A proposal for sustainable and ethical bone proxies.Journal of forensic sciences · 2026Article
- From digital to physical model: the use of 3D-printed models in wound ballistic reconstruction.International journal of legal medicine · 2025Article
- The use of human tissue surrogates in anatomical modeling for gunshot wounds simulations: an overview about "how to do" experimental terminal ballistics.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Anatomical Features and Material Properties of Human Surrogate Head Models Affect Spatial and Temporal Brain Motion under Blunt Impact.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A study into the viability of Synbone® as a proxy for Sus scrofa (domesticus) ribs for use with 7.62 × 51 mm Full Metal Jacket ammunition in ballistic testing.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2021Article
- Practical application of synthetic head models in real ballistic cases.International journal of legal medicine · 2021Article
- Ten years of molecular ballistics-a review and a field guide.International journal of legal medicine · 2021Review
- Validation of Roebuck 1518 synthetic chamois as a skin simulant when backed by 10% gelatin.International journal of legal medicine · 2021Article
- A study into the viability of Synbone® as a proxy for Sus scrofa (domesticus) ribs for use with 5.56-mm open tip match ammunition in ballistic testing.International journal of legal medicine · 2021Article
- Shooting through windscreens: ballistic injury assessment using a surrogate head model-two case reports.International journal of legal medicine · 2020Article
- Interpol review of forensic firearm examination 2016-2019.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2020Review
- Mechanical Behaviour of Silicone Membranes Saturated with Short Strand, Loose Polyester Fibres for Prosthetic and Rehabilitative Surrogate Skin Applications.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Evaluation of the backspatter generation and wound profiles of an anatomically correct skull model for molecular ballistics.International journal of legal medicine · 2019Article
- A biomechanical comparison between human calvarial bone and a skull simulant considering the role of attached periosteum and dura mater.International journal of legal medicine · 2019Article
- Forensic reconstruction of two military combat related shooting incidents using an anatomically correct synthetic skull with a surrogate skin/soft tissue layer.International journal of legal medicine · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this work was to further develop a synthetic model of ballistic head injury by the addition of skin and soft tissue layers to an anatomically correct polyurethane skull filled with gelatine 10% by mass. Six head models were impacted with 7.62 x 39 mm full metal jacket mild steel core (FMJ MSC) bullets with a mean velocity of 652 m/s. The impact events were filmed with high-speed cameras. The models were imaged pre- and post-impact using computed tomography. The models were assessed post impact by two experienced Home Office pathologists and the images assessed by an experienced military radiologist. The findings were scored against real injuries. The entry wounds, exit wounds and fracture patterns were scored positively, but the synthetic skin and soft tissue layer was felt to be too extendable. Further work is ongoing to address this.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.