ReviewFluids and barriers of the CNS2017
The opioid epidemic: a central role for the blood brain barrier in opioid analgesia and abuse.
Review in Fluids and barriers of the CNS, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Association Between Prescribed Opioid Receipt and Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of general internal medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Comparative Study of Analgesic Therapeutic Index and Addiction Potential of o- and p-Fluorofentanyl.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2026Article
- Limbic System Microstructure in Neonates With Antenatal Opioid Exposure.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Article
- Transcriptional response to chronic long-access fentanyl self-administration in rat habenula and amygdala.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Machine Learning Modeling for ABC Transporter Efflux and Inhibition: Data Curation, Model Development, and New Compound Interaction Predictions.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Repeated naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal alters blood brain barrier and blood spinal cord barrier integrity in mice.Molecular brain · 2025Article
- Validation studies and multiomics analysis of Zhx2 as a candidate quantitative trait gene underlying brain oxycodone metabolite (oxymorphone) levels and behavior.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Article
- Effects of novel beta-lactam, MC-100093, and ceftriaxone on astrocytic glutamate transporters and neuroinflammatory factors in nucleus accumbens of C57BL/6 mice exposed to escalated doses of morphine.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2024Article
- Unveiling the link between chronic pain and misuse of opioids and cannabis.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2024Review
- Analgesic Peptides: From Natural Diversity to Rational Design.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Comparison of Effectiveness and Safety of Oxycodone Hydrochloride and Fentanyl for Post-operative Pain Following Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized Triple-Blind Trial.Anesthesiology and pain medicine · 2024Article
- Hydrocodone, Oxycodone, and Morphine Metabolism and Drug-Drug Interactions.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2023Review
- Drug Permeability: From the Blood-Brain Barrier to the Peripheral Nerve Barriers.Advanced therapeutics · 2023Article
- Morphine pharmacokinetics and opioid transporter expression at the blood-retina barrier of male and female mice.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Emulsion-induced polymersomes taming tetrodotoxin for prolonged duration local anesthesia.Advanced therapeutics · 2023Article
- The Impact of P-Glycoprotein on Opioid Analgesics: What's the Real Meaning in Pain Management and Palliative Care?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Angiotensin II receptor type 1 blocker candesartan improves morphine tolerance by reducing morphine‑induced inflammatory response and cellular activation of BV2 cells via the PPARγ/AMPK signaling pathway.Molecular medicine reports · 2022Article
- Opioid Antagonist Nanodrugs Successfully Attenuate the Severity of Ischemic Stroke.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Use of a buprenorphine-based pain management protocol is associated with reduced opioid requirements and pain on swallowing in oral mucositis: a retrospective cohort study.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Opioids are currently the primary treatment method used to manage both acute and chronic pain. In the past two to three decades, there has been a surge in the use, abuse and misuse of opioids. The mechanism by which opioids relieve pain and induce euphoria is dependent on the drug crossing the blood-brain barrier and accessing the central nervous system. This suggests the blood brain barrier plays a central role in both the benefits and risks of opioid use. The complex physiological responses to opioids that provide the benefits and drive the abuse also needs to be considered in the resolution of the opioid epidemic.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.