ArticleThe journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease2017
Sex and Age Differences in the Association of Blood Pressure and Hypertension with Cognitive Function in the Elderly: The Rancho Bernardo Study.
Article in The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Elevated cerebrospinal fluid sodium in hypertensive human subjects with a family history of Alzheimer's disease.Physiological genomics · 2020Trial
- Effects of age and APOE ϵ4 genotype on the relationship between pulse pressure and executive function in older adults without dementia.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2026Article
- Blood pressure and the brain: the conundrum of hypertension and dementia.Cardiovascular research · 2025Review
- Hypertension may lead to cognitive dysfunction in older adults via methylmalonic acid: evidence from NHANES 2011-2014 population.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- Sex Differences in Alzheimer's Disease.Neurologic clinics · 2023Review
- Pulse pressure trajectories predict brain microstructure in community-dwelling older adults: Associations with executive function and modification by APOE.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
- White matter changes underlie hypertension-related cognitive decline in older adults.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2023Review
- High visit-to-visit blood pressure variability predicts global cognitive decline: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.) · 2022Article
- Relationship between Arterial Hypertension with Cognitive Performance in Elderly. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Brain sciences · 2021Review
- Early-but Not Late-Onset Hypertension Is Related to Midlife Cognitive Function.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2021Article
- Sex-dependent effect ofDisease models & mechanisms · 2020Review
- Multilevel Analysis of 24-Hour Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Associated Factors among Police Officers in Hanoi, Vietnam.BioMed research international · 2020Article
- Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Disease and Cognitive Impairment: Another Health Disparity for Women?Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019Review
- Advanced glycation end products and risk of hypertension in Iranian adults: Tehran lipid and glucose study.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThis study examines sex and age differences in associations of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), pulse pressure and hypertension with cognitive function in a community-dwelling population.
designCross-sectional study.
settingResearch clinic visit in 1988-91.
participantsParticipants were 693 men and 1022 women aged 50-97 Measurements: Blood pressure was measured and 12 cognitive function tests were administered.
resultsAverage age was 73.8±9.9 in men and 73.2±9.3 in women; 62.6% of men and 63.4% of women were hypertensive (SBP≥140 mmHg, DBP≥90 mmHg, or antihypertensive medication use). Each 5-unit increment in SBP, DBP, or pulse pressure and categorical hypertension was associated with significantly increased odds of poor verbal fluency performance in men and poor Trails B performance in women, with strongest associations for hypertension (OR=1.97, CI:1.01,3.85 in men; OR=1.51, CI:1.01,2.26 in women). After age stratification, associations remained statistically significant in younger (<80 years ) but not older (≥80 years) participants.
conclusionBlood pressure as a continuous or categorical variable was associated with poor performance on cognitive function tests, but domains varied by sex and associations were found only in those younger than 80 years. The absent associations in those aged 80 years and older could support the hypothesis that increased blood flow is required to maintain cerebral perfusion with advancing age, or could reflect a survivor effect.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.