Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29181694›Full record

ArticleInsights into imaging2017

Infection prevention and control in ultrasound - best practice recommendations from the European Society of Radiology Ultrasound Working Group.

Christiane M Nyhsen, Hilary Humphreys, Roland J Koerner, Nicolas Grenier, Adrian Brady, Paul Sidhu, Carlos Nicolau, Gerhard Mostbeck, Mirko D'Onofrio, Afshin Gangi and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Insights into imaging, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
7.5field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 113 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Guideline
  2. Pooled it
  3. Guideline
  4. Guideline
  5. [SBA 2020: Regional anesthesia safety recommendations update].Brazilian journal of anesthesiology (Elsevier)
    Pooled it
  6. Article
  7. Neonatal point-of-care ultrasound-steps for program development.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Choosing the path: insights into transperinealTranslational andrology and urology · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Ultrasound-Guided Interventions in the Biliary System.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 10 institutions in 5 countries.

Christiane M NyhsenRadiology Department, City Hospitals Sunderland, Kayll Road, Sunderland, SR4 7TP, UK. nyhsenc@doctors.org.uk.
Hilary HumphreysDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
Roland J KoernerInfection Prevention and Control Department, Department of Microbiology, City Hospitals Sunderland, Kayll Road, Sunderland, SR4 7TP, UK.
Nicolas GrenierService d'Imagerie Diagnostique et Interventionnelle de l'Adulte Groupe Hospitalier, Pellegrin Place Amelie Raba-Leon, 33076, Bordeaux, Cedex, France.
Adrian BradyDepartment of Radiology, Mercy University Hospital, Grenville Place, Cork, T12 WE28, Ireland.
Paul SidhuKing's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK.
Carlos NicolauClinic Villarroel 170, 8036, Barcelona, Spain.
Gerhard MostbeckWilhelminenspital, Montleartstr. 37, 1160, Vienna, Austria.
Mirko D'OnofrioRadiology, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, VERONA, piazzale LA SCURO 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
Afshin GangiNHC, 1, Place de l'Hôpital, 67091, Strasbourg, France.
Michel ClaudonChildren Hospital, University Hospital - Nancy Brabois, Rue du Morvan, 54511, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, Cedex, France.
Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Nancy · FRCity Hospital · GBHôpital Civil, Strasbourg · FRHôpital Pellegrin · FRKing's College Hospital · GBMercy University Hospital · IERoyal College of Surgeons in Ireland · IESunderland Royal Hospital · GBUniversity of Verona · ITWilhelminen Hospital · AT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThe objective of these recommendations is to highlight the importance of infection prevention and control in ultrasound (US), including diagnostic and interventional settings.

methodsReview of available publications and discussion within a multidisciplinary group consistent of radiologists and microbiologists, in consultation with European patient and industry representatives. RECOMMENDATIONS: Good basic hygiene standards are essential. All US equipment must be approved prior to first use, including hand held devices. Any equipment in direct patient contact must be cleaned and disinfected prior to first use and after every examination. Regular deep cleaning of the entire US machine and environment should be undertaken. Faulty transducers should not be used. As outlined in presented flowcharts, low level disinfection is sufficient for standard US on intact skin. For all other minor and major interventional procedures as well as all endo-cavity US, high level disinfection is mandatory. Dedicated transducer covers must be used when transducers are in contact with mucous membranes or body fluids and sterile gel should be used inside and outside covers.

conclusionsGood standards of basic hygiene and thorough decontamination of all US equipment as well as appropriate use of US gel and transducer covers are essential to keep patients safe. MAIN MESSAGES: • Transducers must be cleaned/disinfected before first use and after every examination. • Low level disinfection is sufficient for standard US on intact skin. • High level disinfection is mandatory for endo-cavity US and all interventions. • Dedicated transducer covers must be used for endo-cavity US and all interventions. • Sterile gel should be used for all endo-cavity US and all interventions.

Indexed as

DisinfectionGuidelinesInfection prevention and controlPatient safetyUltrasound

Identifiers

PMID29181694
PMCPMC5707224
OpenAlexW2770907778

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.