ArticleAllergy, asthma & immunology research2018
Respiratory Function and Symptoms Post Cold Air Exercise in Female High and Low Ventilation Sport Athletes.
Article in Allergy, asthma & immunology research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of cold air exposure on respiratory physiology during light-to-moderate physical activity in healthy adults.Physiological reports · 2026Trial
- Influence of exercise duration on respiratory function and systemic immunity among healthy, endurance-trained participants exercising in sub-zero conditions.Respiratory research · 2022Trial
- A heat and moisture-exchanging mask impairs self-paced maximal running performance in a sub-zero environment.European journal of applied physiology · 2021Trial
- Effects of a heat and moisture exchanger on respiratory function and symptoms post-cold air exercise.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2020Trial
- Qualitative identification and characterisation of self-reported symptoms arising in humans during experimental exposure to cold air.International journal of circumpolar health · 2019Trial
- Association between cold spells and chronic lung disease: a nationwide spatial machine learning analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Combined effects of normobaric hypoxia and cold on respiratory system responses to high-intensity exercise.Experimental physiology · 2025Article
- Energy expenditure during physical work in cold environments: physiology and performance considerations for military service members.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2024Review
- Elite skiers' experiences of heat- and moisture-exchanging devices and training and competition in the cold: A qualitative survey.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Cold air exposure at - 15 °C induces more airway symptoms and epithelial stress during heavy exercise than rest without aggravated airway constriction.European journal of applied physiology · 2022Article
- A breathing mask attenuates acute airway responses to exercise in sub-zero environment in healthy subjects.European journal of applied physiology · 2022Article
- An experimental exposure study revealing composite airway effects of physical exercise in a subzero environment.International journal of circumpolar health · 2021Article
- Practicing Sport in Cold Environments: Practical Recommendations to Improve Sport Performance and Reduce Negative Health Outcomes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Are Respiratory Responses to Cold Air Exercise Different in Females Compared to Males? Implications for Exercise in Cold Air Environments.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Upper respiratory tract symptoms and salivary immunoglobulin A of elite female gymnasts: a full year longitudinal field study.Biology of sport · 2020Article
- Exercise in Sub-zero Temperatures and Airway Health: Implications for Athletes With Special Focus on Heat-and-Moisture-Exchanging Breathing Devices.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2020Review
- The Prevalence of Asthma and Respiratory Symptoms among Cross-Country Skiers in Early Adolescence.Canadian respiratory journal · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeCold weather exercise is common in many regions of the world; however, it is unclear whether respiratory function and symptom worsen progressively with colder air temperatures. Furthermore, it is unclear whether high-ventilation sport background exacerbates dysfunction and symptoms.
methodsSeventeen active females (measure of the maximum volume of oxygen [VO(2max)]: 49.6±6.6 mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹) completed on different days in random order 5 blinded running trials at 0°C, -5°C, -10°C, -15°C, and -20°C (humidity 40%) in an environmental chamber. Distance, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured within each trial; forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory flow at 25%-75% (FEF₂₅₋₇₅), and forced expiratory flow at 50% (FEF₅₀) were measured pre- and post-test (3, 6, 10, 15, and 20 minutes). Respiratory symptoms and global effort were measured post-test spirometry.
resultsMean decreases were found in FEV1 (4%-5% at 0°C, -5°C, -10°C, and -15°C; 7% at -20°C). FEF₂₅₋₇₅ and FEF₅₀ decreased 7% and 11% at -15°C and -20°C, respectively. Post-exertion spirometry results were decreased most at 3 to 6 minutes, recovering back to baseline at 20 minutes. Respiratory symptoms and global effort significantly increased at -15°C and -20°C with decreased heart rate. High-ventilation sports decreased function more than low-ventilation participants but had fewer symptoms.
conclusionsThese results indicate that intense exercise at cold air temperatures up to -20°C is achievable; however, greater effort along with transient acute bronchoconstriction and symptoms of cough after exercising in temperatures colder than -15°C are likely. It is recommended that individuals cover their mouth and reduce exercise intensity to ameliorate the effects of cold weather exercise.
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