ArticleConvergent science physical oncology2016
The prisoner's dilemma as a cancer model.
Article in Convergent science physical oncology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gaming the cancer-immunity cycle by synchronizing the dose schedules.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Pediatric Leukemia Roadmaps Are a Guide for Positive Metastatic Bone Sarcoma Trials.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2024Article
- Impact of Resistance on Therapeutic Design: A Moran Model of Cancer Growth.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2024Article
- COVID-19 vaccine incentive scheduling using an optimally controlled reinforcement learning model.Physica D. Nonlinear phenomena · 2023Article
- Review
- Ecology and games in cancer: new insights into the disease.Pathologica · 2022Article
- The role of evolutionary game theory in spatial and non-spatial models of the survival of cooperation in cancer: a review.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2022Review
- Are Adaptive Chemotherapy Schedules Robust? A Three-Strategy Stochastic Evolutionary Game Theory Model.Cancers · 2021Article
- Optimizing adaptive cancer therapy: dynamic programming and evolutionary game theory.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2020Article
- Uncertainty quantification on a spatial Markov-chain model for the progression of skin cancer.Journal of mathematical biology · 2020Article
- Nonlinear adaptive control of competitive release and chemotherapeutic resistance.Physical review. E · 2019Article
- Capitalizing on competition: An evolutionary model of competitive release in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer treatment.Journal of theoretical biology · 2018Article
- Article
- Chemotherapeutic Dose Scheduling Based on Tumor Growth Rates Provides a Case for Low-Dose Metronomic High-Entropy Therapies.Cancer research · 2017Article
- AN EVOLUTIONARY MODEL OF TUMOR CELL KINETICS AND THE EMERGENCE OF MOLECULAR HETEROGENEITY DRIVING GOMPERTZIAN GROWTH.SIAM review. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics · 2016Article
- Coordination games in cancer.PloS oneArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Tumor development is an evolutionary process in which a heterogeneous population of cells with different growth capabilities compete for resources in order to gain a proliferative advantage. What are the minimal ingredients needed to recreate some of the emergent features of such a developing complex ecosystem? What is a tumor doing before we can detect it? We outline a mathematical model, driven by a stochastic Moran process, in which cancer cells and healthy cells compete for dominance in the population. Each are assigned payoffs according to a Prisoner's Dilemma evolutionary game where the healthy cells are the cooperators and the cancer cells are the defectors. With point mutational dynamics, heredity, and a fitness landscape controlling birth and death rates, natural selection acts on the cell population and simulated 'cancer-like' features emerge, such as Gompertzian tumor growth driven by heterogeneity, the log-kill law which (linearly) relates therapeutic dose density to the (log) probability of cancer cell survival, and the Norton-Simon hypothesis which (linearly) relates tumor regression rates to tumor growth rates. We highlight the utility, clarity, and power that such models provide, despite (and because of) their simplicity and built-in assumptions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.