ArticlePilot and feasibility studies2017
Differences in early risk factors for obesity between African American formula-fed infants and White breastfed controls.
Article in Pilot and feasibility studies, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Type of Milk Feeding and Introduction to Complementary Foods in Relation to Infant Sleep: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of a Responsive Parenting Intervention Among Black Families on Infant Sleep: A Secondary Analysis of the Sleep SAAF Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Sleep SAAF responsive parenting intervention improves mothers' feeding practices: a randomized controlled trial among African American mother-infant dyads.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2022Trial
- Sleep-wake patterns in newborns are associated with infant rapid weight gain and incident adiposity in toddlerhood.Pediatric obesity · 2021Trial
- Sleep SAAF Responsive Parenting Intervention for Black Mothers Impacts Response to Infant Crying: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Academic pediatricsTrial
- THRIVE 2.0: A randomized-controlled trial of an obesity prevention intervention designed for infants in pediatric primary care.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Risk of Micronutrient Inadequacy among Hispanic, Lactating Mothers: Preliminary Evidence from the Southern California Mother's Milk Study.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Black/African American Breastfeeding Experience: Cultural, Sociological, and Health Dimensions Through an Equity Lens.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2021Review
- Associations of maternal fructose and sugar-sweetened beverage and juice intake during lactation with infant neurodevelopmental outcomes at 24 months.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2020Article
- Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Hispanic Infant Weight Gain in the First 6 Months.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2020Article
- Maternal blood pressure mediates the association between maternal obesity and infant weight gain in early postpartum.Pediatric obesity · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrevious RCTs to prevent early rapid weight gain were conducted in predominantly White, well-educated, middle-income mother-infants at low risk for obesity. To inform the design of an RCT in a higher-risk sample, we conducted a short-term, longitudinal study to compare maternal feeding beliefs and behaviors, infant sleep, intake, and growth of African American formula feeding (AAFF) dyads to a comparison sample of White breastfeeding (WBF) dyads. We also assessed the feasibility of recruiting and retaining AAFF participants.
methodsAAFF (
resultsAAFF and WBF mothers differed in demographics. AAFF mothers reported greater agreement with pressuring the infant to eat and feeding to soothe a fussy infant. Compared to WBF infants, AAFF infants slept fewer hours and consumed more grams/feeding from 2 to 16 weeks. There were no group differences in feeding frequency, which resulted in AAFF infants consuming more grams/day of milk than WBF infants. AAFF infants had lower gestational age, lower weight at 2 weeks, and had more rapid weight gain from 8 to 16 weeks.
conclusionsFindings point to potentially modifiable risk factors that may underlie disparities in early obesity among AAFF infants, including short sleep duration, feeding beliefs and behaviors, and rapid growth, but also confirm the challenges of recruiting and retaining AAFF participants, all of which inform the design and feasibility of an early preventive intervention.
trial registrationRetrospectively registered in clinicaltrials.gov on August 23, 2016 (2013102510).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.