ArticlePloS one2017
All-cause mortality among diabetic foot patients and related risk factors in Saudi Arabia.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and associated factors of foot ulcer among diabetic patients in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2020Pooled it
- Red blood cell distribution width is an independent predictor of mortality following amputation for diabetic foot.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and all-cause mortality in patients with diabetic foot and osteoporosis: evidence from a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Establishing the Saudi pediatric and youth diabetes registry: initial data and challenges.Sudanese journal of paediatrics · 2024Article
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- Understanding the multifaceted etiopathogenesis of foot complications in individuals with diabetes.World journal of clinical cases · 2023Review
- Relationships among social support, coping style, self-stigma, and quality of life in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A multicentre, cross-sectional study.International wound journal · 2023Article
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- Risk Factors and Surgical Outcomes of Diabetic Foot in Diabetic Patients at King Fahad University Hospital.Cureus · 2022Article
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- Role of the Healico© Wound Care Smartphone Application in Preventing a Foot Amputation in a 65-Year-Old Patient with Diabetes.The American journal of case reports · 2022Article
- Selective COVID-19 Coinfections in Diabetic Patients with Concomitant Cardiovascular Comorbidities Are Associated with Increased Mortality.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The Patterns of Acquired Upper and Lower Extremity Amputation at a Tertiary Centre in Saudi Arabia.Cureus · 2022Article
- Factors Affecting Mortality of Critical Limb Ischemia 1 Year after Endovascular Revascularization in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.The review of diabetic studies : RDS · 2022Article
- Risk Factors for Multidrug-Resistant Organisms Infection in Diabetic Foot Ulcer.Infection and drug resistance · 2022Article
- Pattern and type of amputation and mortality rate associated with diabetic foot in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A retrospective Cohort Study.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2022Article
- Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes in the Middle East and North Africa: Challenges and call for action.World journal of diabetes · 2021Review
- Exploring the barriers of patients with diabetic foot complications in China: a qualitative interview study.Annals of translational medicine · 2021Article
- Diabetic foot and peripheral arterial disease. Single centre experience.Saudi medical journal · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region with high rates of diabetic foot complications, there are only limited data concerning mortality among such a high risk group. Therefore, the main aim of the current study was to assess all-cause mortality and its related predictors among diabetic patients with and without diabetic foot complications.
methodsUsing data from the Saudi National Diabetes Registry (SNDR), a total of 840 patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes aged ≥25 years with current or past history of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) or diabetes related lower extremity amputation (LEA) were recruited in 2007 from active patients' files and followed up to 2013. These patients were compared with an equal number of age and gender matched diabetic patients without foot complication recruited at the same period. All patients were subjected to living status verification at 31st December 2013.
resultsThe all-cause mortality rate among patients with DFU was 42.54 per 1000 person-years and among LEA patients was 86.80 per 1000 person-years among LEA patients for a total of 2280 and 1129 person-years of follow up respectively. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) (95% CI) was 4.39 (3.55-5.23) and 7.21 (5.70-8.72) for cases with foot ulcer and LEA respectively. The percentage of deceased patients increased by almost twofold (18.5%) among patients with diabetic foot ulcer and more than threefold (32.2%) among patients with LEA compared with patients without diabetic foot complications (10.7%). The worst survival was among patients with LEA at 0.679 and the presence of diabetic nephropathy was the only significant independent risk factor for all-cause mortality among patients with diabetic foot complications. On the other hand, obese patients have demonstrated significantly reduced all-cause mortality rate.
conclusionsDiabetic patients with diabetic foot complications have an excess mortality rate when compared with diabetic counterparts without foot complications and the general population. Early interventions to prevent foot ulceration and consequent LEA as well as all the measurements for reducing the prevalence of microvascular and macrovascular complications should be considered.
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