ArticlePloS one2017
Prenatal androgen-receptor activity has organizational morphological effects in mice.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- In support of 2D:4D: More data exploring its conflicting results on handedness, sexual orientation and sex differences.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Social status and prenatal testosterone exposure assessed via second-to-fourth digit ratio affect 6-9-year-old children's prosocial choices.Scientific reports · 2018Trial
- Excess Neonatal Testosterone Causes Male-Specific Social and Fear Memory Deficits in Wild-Type Mice.eNeuro · 2025Article
- The association and underlying mechanism of the digit ratio (2D:4D) in hypospadias.Asian journal of andrology · 2024Article
- Using Animal Models to Study the Interplay Between the Biodevelopmental Pathways Underlying Human Sexual Orientation.Archives of sexual behavior · 2023Article
- Sex-specific association between prenatal androgenization (second-to-fourth digit length ratio) and frontal brain volumes in adolescents.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2023Article
- The association of prenatal amniotic sex hormones and digit ratio (2D:4D) in children aged 5 to 70 months: A longitudinal study.PloS one · 2023Article
- Maternal Age and Behavior during Pregnancy Affect the 2D:4D Digit Ratio in Polish Children Aged 6-13 Years.Biology · 2022Article
- 2D:4D and Self-Employment: A Preregistered Replication Study in a Large General Population Sample.Entrepreneurship theory and practice · 2022Article
- Overexpression of Androgen Receptors Masculinizes 2D:4D Digit Ratios in Mice.Archives of sexual behavior · 2021Article
- Sex, population origin, age and average digit length as predictors of digit ratio in three large world populations.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Associations between second to fourth digit ratio, cortisol, vitamin D, and body composition among Polish children.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- No evidence for a difference in 2D:4D ratio between youth with elevated prenatal androgen exposure due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia and controls.Hormones and behavior · 2021Article
- Markers of Prenatal Androgen Exposure Correlate With Online Sexual Compulsivity and Erectile Function in Young Men.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- No relationship between the digit ratios (2D:4D) and salivary testosterone change: Study on men under an acute exercise.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Basic Human Body Dimensions Relate to Alcohol Dependence and Predict Hospital Readmission.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Article
- The 2nd to 4th digit length ratio (2D:4D) among children of Seveso women exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.Early human development · 2019Article
- Lower Digit Ratio (2D:4D) Indicative of Excess Prenatal Androgen Is Associated With Increased Sociability and Greater Social Capital.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Prenatal sex hormones exert organizational effects. It has been suggested that prenatal sex hormones affect adult morphological parameters, such as the finger length. Especially the second-to-fourth finger length (2D:4D) ratio has been implicated to be modified when exposed to higher androgen levels in utero. Here we show in a mouse model that experimental manipulation of the prenatal androgen level, by blocking the androgen receptor with flutamide or activating the androgen receptor with dihydrotestosterone (DHT), leads to changes in the length of the fingers of all paws in males and females. In addition to that, also total paw length and the 2D:4D ratio was affected. In males treated with DHT, the 2D:4D ratio was increased, while flutamide-treatment in females led to a reduced 2D:4D ratio. We also measured other parameters, such as head size, body length and tail length and demonstrate that body morphology is affected by prenatal androgen exposure with more prominent effects in females. Another factor that is thought to be influenced by early androgens is handedness. We tested mice for handedness, but did not find a significant effect of the prenatal treatment. These findings demonstrate that prenatal androgen activity is involved in the development of body morphology and might be a useful marker for prenatal androgen exposure.
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