ArticleJournal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN2018
Gestational and Postnatal Cortisol Profiles of Women With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and the Dissociative Subtype.
Article in Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk of adverse infant outcomes associated with maternal mental health and substance use disorders.Archives of women's mental health · 2025Article
- Optimizing Psychological Health Across the Perinatal Period: An Update on Maternal Cardiovascular Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Review
- Posttraumatic stress disorder, diurnal cortisol, and ambulatory blood pressure in early and late pregnancy.Journal of traumatic stress · 2023Article
- Screening for PTSD during pregnancy: a missed opportunity.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- "I got to catch my own baby": a qualitative study of out of hospital birth.Reproductive health · 2022Article
- Mental Health Conditions Increase Severe Maternal Morbidity By 50 Percent And Cost $102 Million Yearly In The United States.Health affairs (Project Hope) · 2021Article
- Using Theories of Posttraumatic Stress to Inform Perinatal Care Clinician Responses to Trauma Reactions.Journal of midwifery & women's health · 2021Review
- Integrative Review of Early Life Adversity and Cortisol Regulation in Pregnancy.Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN · 2021Review
- The effects of PTSD treatment during pregnancy: systematic review and case study.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2020Review
- Early life adversity and depressive symptoms predict cortisol in pregnancy.Archives of women's mental health · 2020Article
- Thyroid Function in Pregnant Women With Moderate to Severe Alcohol Consumption Is Related to Infant Developmental Outcomes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo test the hypothesis that women with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have greater salivary cortisol levels across the diurnal curve and throughout gestation, birth, and the postpartum period than women who do not have PTSD.
designProspective, longitudinal, biobehavioral cohort study.
settingPrenatal clinics at academic health centers in the Midwest region of the United States.
participantsWomen expecting their first infants who fit with one of four cohorts: a nonexposed control group, a trauma-exposed control group, a group with PTSD, and a group with the dissociative subtype of PTSD.
methodsIn the first half of pregnancy, 395 women provided three salivary cortisol specimens on a single day for diurnal data. A subsample of 111 women provided three salivary cortisol specimens per day, 12 times, from early pregnancy to 6 weeks postpartum for longitudinal data. Trauma history, PTSD, and dissociative symptoms were measured via standardized telephone diagnostic interviews with the use of validated epidemiologic measures. Generalized estimating equations were used to determine group differences.
resultsGeneralized estimating equations showed that women with the dissociative subtype of PTSD had the highest and flattest gestational cortisol level curves. The difference was greatest in early pregnancy, when participants in the dissociative subtype group had cortisol levels 8 times greater in the afternoon and 10 times greater at bedtime than those in the nonexposed control group.
conclusionWomen with the dissociative subtype of PTSD, a complex form associated with a history of childhood maltreatment, may have toxic levels of cortisol that contribute to intergenerational patterns of adverse health outcomes.
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Registered trials
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