Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29173244›Full record

ArticlePsychological medicine2018

Socio-economic variations in the mental health treatment gap for people with anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders: results from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys.

S Evans-Lacko, S Aguilar-Gaxiola, A Al-Hamzawi, J Alonso, C Benjet, R Bruffaerts, W T Chiu, S Florescu, G de Girolamo, O Gureje and 22 more

3 registry-linked trialsOpen access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Psychological medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 355 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
355citing papers in PubMed, 14 pooled it
10.8field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05554042 completednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Kintsugi Voice Device Study

TypeobservationalSponsorKintsugi Mindful Wellness, Inc.Ran2022 to 2023Enrolled132ConditionsDepression, AnxietyArmsKintsugi Voice Device
NCT06042283 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Assessing the Efficacy of Metacognitive Training on Depressive Symptoms, Dysfunctional Attitudes and Metacognition in Older Adults Diagnosed With Depression

TypeinterventionalSponsorIstanbul University - CerrahpasaRan2023 to 2024Enrolled50ConditionsDepression in Old AgeArmsMetacognitive Training-Silver
NCT06374056 completednot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Kintsugi Voice Device SCID-5-CT Pilot Study

TypeobservationalSponsorKintsugi Mindful Wellness, Inc.Ran2024 to 2026Enrolled262ConditionsDepression, Depression Moderate, Depression Severe, Depression MildArmsKintsugi Voice Device
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

355 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 731 citations in OpenAlex.

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295 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

32 authors at 20 institutions in 24 countries.

S Evans-LackoKings College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience,De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF,UK.
S Aguilar-GaxiolaCenter for Reducing Health Disparities, UC Davis Health System,Sacramento, California,USA.
A Al-HamzawiCollege of Medicine, Al-Qadisiya University, Diwaniya Governorate,Iraq.
J AlonsoHealth Services Research Unit,IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute,Barcelona,Spain.
C BenjetDepartment of Epidemiologic and Psychosocial Research,National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muniz,Mexico City,Mexico.
R BruffaertsUniversitair Psychiatrisch Centrum - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (UPC-KUL), Campus Gasthuisberg,Leuven,Belgium.
W T ChiuDepartment of Health Care Policy,Harvard Medical School,Boston, Massachusetts,USA.
S FlorescuNational School of Public Health, Management and Development,Bucharest,Romania.
G de GirolamoUnit of Epidemiological and Evaluation Psychiatry,Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)-St. John of God Clinical Research Centre,Via Pilastroni 4, Brescia,Italy.
O GurejeDepartment of Psychiatry,University College Hospital,Ibadan,Nigeria.
J M HaroParc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Sant Boi de Llobregat,Barcelona,Spain.
Y HeShanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine,Shanghai,China.
C HuShenzhen Institute of Mental Health & Shenzhen Kangning Hospital,Shenzhen,China.
E G KaramFaculty of Medicine,Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology,St George Hospital University Medical Center, Balamand University,Beirut,Lebanon.
N KawakamiDepartment of Mental Health,School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan.
S LeeDepartment of Psychiatry,Chinese University of Hong Kong,Tai Po,Hong Kong.
C LundKings College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience,De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF,UK.
V Kovess-MasfetyEcole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique (EHESP), EA 4057, Paris Descartes University,Paris,France.
D LevinsonMental Health Services, Ministry of Health,Jerusalem,Israel.
F Navarro-MateuUDIF-SM, Subdirección General de Planificación, Innovación y Cronicidad, Servicio Murciano de Salud, IMIB-Arrixaca, CIBERESP-Murcia,Murcia,Spain.
B E PennellSurvey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan,Ann Arbor, Michigan,USA.
N A SampsonDepartment of Health Care Policy,Harvard Medical School,Boston, Massachusetts,USA.
K M ScottDepartment of Psychological Medicine,University of Otago,Dunedin, Otago,New Zealand.
H TachimoriNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center for Neurology and Psychiatry,Kodaira, Tokyo,Japan.
M Ten HaveTrimbos-Instituut, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction,Utrecht,Netherlands.
M C VianaDepartment of Social Medicine,Federal University of Espírito Santo,Vitoria,Brazil.
D R WilliamsDepartment of Society, Human Development, and Health,Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health,Boston, Massachusetts,USA.
B J WojtyniakCentre of Monitoring and Analyses of Population Health, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene,Warsaw,Poland.
Z ZarkovDirectorate of Mental Health, National Center of Public Health and Analyses,Sofia,Bulgaria.
R C KesslerDepartment of Health Care Policy,Harvard Medical School,Boston, Massachusetts,USA.
S ChatterjiDepartment of Information, Evidence and Research,World Health Organization,Geneva,Switzerland.
G Thornicroft
Harvard University · USUniversity of Balamand · LBChinese University of Hong Kong · HKÉcole des Hautes Études en Santé Publique · FRInstituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz · MXIsrael Ministry of Health · ILIstituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico · ITKing's College London · GBNarodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego PZH – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy · PLNational Center of Neurology and Psychiatry · JPNational Center of Public Health and Analyses · BGNational School of Public Health, Management and Professional Development · ROParc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu · ESServicio Murciano de Salud · ESShanghai Jiao Tong University · CNShenzhen KangNing Hospital · CNTrimbos Institute · NLUC Davis Health · USUniversidade Federal do Espírito Santo · BRUniversitair Ziekenhuis Leuven · BE

Funding

EPIDEMIOLOGY-- NATIONAL COMORBIDITY SURVEY REPLICATIONU01MH060220 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI KESSLER, RONALD C · 1999 to 2010
$18.7M
Risk Factors for Psychopathology in the WHO WMH SurveysR01MH070884 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI KESSLER, RONALD C · 2005 to 2009
$6.0M
Trauma, Stress, and Mental Health in South AfricaR01MH059575 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI WILLIAMS, DAVID R · 1998 to 2007
$2.5M
Social Role Disability and Mental-Physical Co-MorbidityR01MH069864 · NIMH · KAISER FOUNDATION HEALTH PLAN OF WASHINGTON · PI VON KORFF, MICHAEL R · 2004 to 2007
$2.2M
COMORBID MENTAL DISORDERS IN PERIODS OF SOCIAL DISRUPTIOR01MH061905 · NIMH · STATE UNIVERSITY NEW YORK STONY BROOK · PI BROMET, EVELYN J · 2000 to 2004
$1.7M
CROSS-NATIONAL STUDIES OF DRUG INVOLVEMENT: WMH2000R01DA016558 · NIDA · MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY · PI ANTHONY, JAMES CHRISTOPHER · 2003 to 2008
$1.7M
World Mental Health Consortium Annual Meeting 2003-07R13MH066849 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI HEERINGA, STEVEN G · 2003 to 2007
$735k
Lebanon-Epidemiology: The NCS Replication StudyR03TW006481 · FIC · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI KESSLER, RONALD C · 2004 to 2006
$142k
Department of Health [UK]FIC NIH HHS R03 TW006481NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA016558NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059575NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH061905NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH069864NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH070884NIMH NIH HHS R13 MH066849NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH060220World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe treatment gap between the number of people with mental disorders and the number treated represents a major public health challenge. We examine this gap by socio-economic status (SES; indicated by family income and respondent education) and service sector in a cross-national analysis of community epidemiological survey data.

methodsData come from 16 753 respondents with 12-month DSM-IV disorders from community surveys in 25 countries in the WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative. DSM-IV anxiety, mood, or substance disorders and treatment of these disorders were assessed with the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).

resultsOnly 13.7% of 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI cases in lower-middle-income countries, 22.0% in upper-middle-income countries, and 36.8% in high-income countries received treatment. Highest-SES respondents were somewhat more likely to receive treatment, but this was true mostly for specialty mental health treatment, where the association was positive with education (highest treatment among respondents with the highest education and a weak association of education with treatment among other respondents) but non-monotonic with income (somewhat lower treatment rates among middle-income respondents and equivalent among those with high and low incomes).

conclusionsThe modest, but nonetheless stronger, an association of education than income with treatment raises questions about a financial barriers interpretation of the inverse association of SES with treatment, although future within-country analyses that consider contextual factors might document other important specifications. While beyond the scope of this report, such an expanded analysis could have important implications for designing interventions aimed at increasing mental disorder treatment among socio-economically disadvantaged people.

Indexed as

Socioeconomic FactorsAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overDeveloped CountriesDeveloping CountriesFemaleHealthcare DisparitiesHealth SurveysHumansInternationalityLogistic ModelsMaleMental DisordersMental HealthEducationincomeinequalitiesmental disordersmental health service useoccupationpopulation studiesWMH surveys

Identifiers

PMID29173244
PMCPMC6878971
OpenAlexW2766194567

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.