ReviewThe Proceedings of the Nutrition Society2018
25(OH)D3-enriched or fortified foods are more efficient at tackling inadequate vitamin D status than vitamin D3.
Review in The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D on Cardiac Function in Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 10 RCTs.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Prediction Model between Serum Vitamin D and Neurological Deficit in Cerebral Infarction Patients Based on Machine Learning.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2022Trial
- Comprehensive assessment of fungal peroxygenases for the selective synthesis of 25-hydroxyvitamins DBiotechnology for biofuels and bioproducts · 2026Article
- Association of Vitamin D Levels and Mortality in Overactive Bladder: Nonlinear Dose-Response and Threshold Effect.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Observational
- Vitamin D in the elderly: the phil-rouge in preventing bone, muscle and adipose deterioration?Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Review
- Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency Among Young Elite Soccer Players Living Above 55 Degrees North Latitude and Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Self-Used Preventive Methods.Translational sports medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Diseases: An Update.Cureus · 2023Review
- Contribution of Vitamin D Metabolites to Vitamin D Concentrations of Families Residing in Pune City.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Vitamin D Fortification of Eggs Alone and in Combination with Milk in Women Aged 44-65 Years: Fortification Model and Economic Evaluation.Zdravstveno varstvo · 2023Article
- Vitamin D as a Shield against Aging.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Associations between Dietary Intake of Vitamin D, Sun Exposure, and Generalized Anxiety among College Women.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Association between vitamin D3 levels and insulin resistance: a large sample cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Vitamin D promotes autophagy in AML cells by inhibiting miR-17-5p-induced Beclin-1 overexpression.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2021Article
- Vitamin D: Promises on the Horizon and Challenges Ahead for Fighting Pancreatic Cancer.Cancers · 2021Review
- Sex and body mass index dependent associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and pulse pressure in middle-aged and older US adults.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Adequate Vitamin D Intake Cannot Be Achieved within Carbon Emission Limits Unless Food Is Fortified: A Simulation Study.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Vitamin D Biofortification of Pork May Offer a Food-Based Strategy to Increase Vitamin D Intakes in the UK Population.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Article
- Value of combination of 25-(OH)-D3, IL-6, and cyclic peptide containing citrulline antibodies in different stages of rheumatoid arthritis.American journal of translational research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The ability to synthesise sufficient vitamin D through sunlight in human subjects can be limited. Thus, diet has become an important contributor to vitamin D intake and status; however, there are only a few foods (e.g. egg yolk, oily fish) naturally rich in vitamin D. Therefore, vitamin D-enriched foods via supplementing the animals' diet with vitamin D or vitamin D fortification of foods have been proposed as strategies to increase vitamin D intake. Evidence that cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) and calcifediol (25(OH)D3) content of eggs, fish and milk increased in response to vitamin D3 supplementation of hens, fish or cows' diets was identified when vitamin D-enrichment studies were reviewed. However, evidence from supplementation studies with hens showed only dietary 25(OH)D3, not vitamin D3 supplementation, resulted in a pronounced increase of 25(OH)D3 in the eggs. Furthermore, evidence from randomised controlled trials indicated that a 25(OH)D3 oral supplement could be absorbed faster and more efficiently raise serum 25(OH)D concentration compared with vitamin D3 supplementation. Moreover, evidence showed the relative effectiveness of increasing vitamin D status using 25(OH)D3 varied between 3·13 and 7·14 times that of vitamin D3, probably due to the different characteristics of the investigated subjects or study design. Therefore, vitamin D-enrichment or fortified foods using 25(OH)D3 would appear to have advantages over vitamin D3. Further well-controlled studies are needed to assess the effects of 25(OH)D3 enriched or fortified foods in the general population and clinical patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.