ArticleParasites & vectors2017
Flotation techniques (FLOTAC and mini-FLOTAC) for detecting gastrointestinal parasites in howler monkeys.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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8 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Declining Trends in Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infections Among Nepalese School Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2004-2022).Public health challenges · 2026Article
- Gastrointestinal Parasites in Humans and Rhesus Macaques: A Cross-Sectional Study in Bhaktapur, Nepal.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Case-report: Massive infection byFrontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Association of human disturbance and gastrointestinal parasite infection of yellow baboons in western Tanzania.PloS one · 2022Article
- Parasites of Free-Ranging and Captive American Primates: A Systematic Review.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- Wild geladas (Theropithecus gelada) in crops-more than in pasture areas-reduce aggression and affiliation.Primates; journal of primatology · 2021Article
- Point of care colourimetric and lateral flow LAMP assay for the detection of Haemonchus contortus in ruminant faecal samples.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2021Article
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9 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAnalyses of environmental correlates of the composition of gastrointestinal parasite communities in black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) have been hindered by inadequate calibration techniques of detection and quantification methods of the parasites. Here we calibrate samples and compare the likelihood of parasite detection using two flotation techniques, FLOTAC and Mini-FLOTAC, and compare flotation solution, preservation method and dilution ratio for egg detection and counts of the most common parasites (Controrchis spp. and Trypanoxyuris spp.) in howler monkeys.
resultsFor samples preserved in 5% formalin, the Mini-FLOTAC technique was the best option for qualitative and quantitative copro-microscopic analysis. This technique displays an 83.3% and 100% detection of Controrchis spp. and Trypanoxyuris spp. infections, respectively. For the trematode Controrchis spp., more eggs per gram of feces (EPG) were recorded with the flotation solution (FS) #7 (zinc sulfate; specific gravity SG = 1.35) at 1:20 and 1:25 dilution than other methods. By contrast, for the nematode Trypanoxyuris spp., the best results were recorded with FS1 (sucrose and formaldehyde; SG = 1.20) at 1:10 dilution.
conclusionsWe recommend the Mini-FLOTAC technique for general use with parasite analysis on frugivore/folivores like the howler monkey, especially if many samples are analyzed. The technique has a high detection rate and the best EPG counts, allowing the qualitative and quantitative analysis of parasite load among the species or populations without the need for specialized equipment.
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