Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29167719›Full record

ReviewJournal of clinical and experimental dentistry2017

Is Khat (Catha edulis) chewing a risk factor for periodontal diseases? A systematic review.

Butchibabu Kalakonda, Sadeq-Ali Al-Maweri, Hashem-Motahir Al-Shamiri, Anum Ijaz, Shukri Gamal, Esam Dhaifullah

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  4. Article
  5. Association Between Habitual Khat (Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Butchibabu KalakondaBDS, MDS, Lecturer, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, AlFarabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Sadeq-Ali Al-MaweriBDS, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, AlFarabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Yemen.
Hashem-Motahir Al-ShamiriBDS, MSc, Lecturer, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, AlFarabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Anum IjazBDS, General Practitioner, AlFarabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Shukri GamalBDS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, AlFarabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Esam DhaifullahBDS, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences Al-Farabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundKhat (Catha edulis) chewing is a highly prevalent habit in the Arabian Peninsula and East Africa, and has recently spread to Western countries. The association between khat chewing and oral mucosal lesions is well documented in the literature. However, there is no concrete evidence on the association between khat chewing and periodontal disease. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the influence of khat chewing on periodontal health. MATERIAL AND

methodsA literature search of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Sciences databases was carried out to identify relevant articles published from 1990 to May 2017. The inclusion criteria were all clinical studies that assessed the relationship between khat chewing and periodontal disease.

resultsThe search yielded 122 articles, of which 10 were included in this systematic review. Most of the studies exhibited a positive correlation between khat chewing and periodontal disease.

conclusionsAltogether, the analysis of the current evidence reveals that khat chewing is destructive to the periodontium and enhances the risk of periodontal disease progression. However, due to variability of studies, more longitudinal case-controlled studies are highly warranted to establish a causal relation between khat chewing and periodontal disease.

Identifiers

PMID29167719
PMCPMC5694158

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.