ReviewCancer2018
Leptomeningeal metastasis from systemic cancer: Review and update on management.
Review in Cancer, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07559097 (A Phase I/II, Single-arm, Single-center Clinical Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 130 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase I/II, Single-arm, Single-center Clinical Study: Exploration of the Application of Methotrexate-loaded Drug Vesicles in Intrathecal Injection for Meningeal Metastasis of Lung Cancer
Who cites it
130 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 251 citations in OpenAlex.
- Survival and hematologic toxicity after whole-brain radiotherapy, photon craniospinal irradiation, and proton craniospinal irradiation for solid-tumor leptomeningeal disease: a systematic review.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The Role of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Leptomeningeal Disease: A Systematic Review.Anticancer research · 2021Pooled it
- A systematic review of craniospinal irradiation for leptomeningeal disease: past, present, and future.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2021Pooled it
- Non-opioid Analgesics and Emerging Therapies.Cancer treatment and research · 2021Pooled it
- Genomic and transcriptomic correlates of immunotherapy response within the tumor microenvironment of leptomeningeal metastases.Nature communications · 2021Trial
- Phase II study of ipilimumab and nivolumab in leptomeningeal carcinomatosis.Nature communications · 2021Trial
- Single-arm, open-label phase 2 trial of pembrolizumab in patients with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis.Nature medicine · 2020Trial
- The role of radiation therapy in leptomeningeal disease from breast cancer - a multicenter analysis.Clinical and translational radiation oncology · 2026Article
- Radiotherapy for intramedullary, leptomeningeal and epidural metastases: outcomes of an unusual and ominous complication.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Article
- Standardizing the unstandardized: The international system reaches the cerebrospinal fluid.Cancer cytopathology · 2026Article
- Structural Mimics of Recurrent Bell's Palsy: A Case Report Highlighting Diagnostic Red Flags in Facial Nerve Schwannoma and Metastasis.Reports (MDPI) · 2026Article
- Melanoma leptomeningeal disease: Advances in diagnosis and emerging therapeutic strategies.World journal of experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Risk factors and clinical outcomes associated with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in gastric cancer.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2026Article
- Local control and leptomeningeal disease after resection and GammaTile brachytherapy for newly diagnosed brain metastases: results from a prospective registry.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Observational
- Intrathecal chemotherapy for leptomeningeal metastasis of non-small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Leptomeningeal metastasis from large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis as the Initial Presentation of Occult Colorectal Cancer: Diagnostic and Management Challenges.Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology · 2026Article
- Spinal leptomeningeal disease in patients with solid tumors: A single-center study on clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.Brain & spine · 2026Article
- Multimodality salvage treatment incorporating ivonescimab plus chemotherapy for EGFR-mutated NSCLC with leptomeningeal metastases after dose-escalated third-generation EGFR-TKI failure: a retrospective study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
70 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Leptomeningeal metastasis is an uncommon and typically late complication of cancer with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Diagnosis is often challenging, with nonspecific presenting symptoms ranging from headache and confusion to focal neurologic deficits, such as cranial nerve palsies. Standard diagnostic evaluation involves a neurologic examination, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spine with gadolinium, and cytologic evaluation of the cerebral spinal fluid. Therapy entails a multimodal approach focused on palliation with surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy, which may be administered systemically or directly into the cerebral spinal fluid. Limited trial data exist to guide treatment, and current regimens are based primarily on expert opinion. Although newer targeted and immunotherapeutic agents are under investigation and have shown promise, an improved understanding of the biology of leptomeningeal metastasis and treatment resistance as well as additional randomized controlled studies are needed to guide the optimal treatment of this devastating disease. Cancer 2018;124:21-35. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.