ArticleScientific reports2017
Keratin-water-NMF interaction as a three layer model in the human stratum corneum using in vivo confocal Raman microscopy.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigation of water bonding status of normal and psoriatic skin in vivo using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Retaining Skin Barrier Function Properties of the Stratum Corneum with Components of the Natural Moisturizing Factor-A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind In Vivo Study.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Trial
- Comparative biomolecular analysis of normal and healed skin tissue from diabetic and non-diabetic rats using Raman spectroscopy.Lasers in medical science · 2026Article
- Atomic force microscope protocols for characterising the elastoviscoplastic biomechanical properties of corneocytes.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Noninvasive assessment of skin barrier function: evaluating ceramide-based moisturizer using confocal Raman spectroscopy.Journal of biomedical optics · 2025Article
- AI-assisted identification of nonmelanoma skin cancer structures based on combined line-field confocal optical coherence tomography and confocal Raman microspectroscopy.Journal of biomedical optics · 2025Article
- Development of a Sensory Neuron-Integrated Skin Spheroid Model for the Evaluation of Neuropeptide-Based Topical Delivery Systems.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Article
- Skin adaptation in lower limb amputees assessed through Raman spectroscopy and mechanical characterization.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025Article
- Structure and function of skin barrier lipids: Effects of hydration and natural moisturizers in vitro.Biophysical journal · 2024Article
- Spatial distribution of active compounds in stratum corneum-partitioning between corneocytes and lipid matrix.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Noninvasive evaluation of the skin barrier in reconstructed human epidermis using speckle analysis: Correlation with Raman microspectroscopy.Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) · 2024Article
- Highly Biocompatible Lamellar Liquid Crystals Based on Hempseed or Flaxseed Oil with Incorporated Betamethasone Dipropionate: A Bioinspired Multi-Target Dermal Drug Delivery System for Atopic Dermatitis Treatment.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Article
- Application of Infrared and Near-Infrared Microspectroscopy to Microplastic Human Exposure Measurements.Applied spectroscopy · 2023Review
- Atopic Dermatitis: Molecular Alterations between Lesional and Non-Lesional Skin Determined Noninvasively by In Vivo Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Topical dexpanthenol effects on physiological parameters of the stratum corneum by Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy.Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) · 2023Article
- Current Development of Chemical Penetration Enhancers for Transdermal Insulin Delivery.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Arginine-fructose-glucose from red ginseng extract reduces stiffness of keratin fiber in corneocyte of skin.Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) · 2023Article
- Mechanisms and Implications of Bacterial Invasion across the Human Skin Barrier.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Machine Learning Assisted Handheld Confocal Raman Micro-Spectroscopy for Identification of Clinically Relevant Atopic Eczema Biomarkers.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Skin Minerals: Key Roles of Inorganic Elements in Skin Physiological Functions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The secondary and tertiary structure of keratin and natural moisturizing factor (NMF) are of great importance regarding the water regulating functions in the stratum corneum (SC). In this in vivo study, the depth-dependent keratin conformation and its relationship to the hydrogen bonding states of water and its content in the SC, are investigated using confocal Raman microscopy. Based on the obtained depth-profiles for the β-sheet/α-helix ratio, the stability of disulphide bonds, the amount of cysteine forming disulphide bonds, the buried/exposed tyrosine and the folding/unfolding states of keratin, a "three layer model" of the SC, regarding the keratin-water-NMF interaction is proposed. At the uppermost layers (30-0% SC depth), the keratin filaments are highly folded, entailing limited water binding sites, and NMF is mostly responsible for binding water. At the intermediate layers (70-30% SC depth), the keratin filaments are unfolded, have the most water binding sites and are prone to swelling. At the bottom layers (100-80% SC depth), the water binding sites are already occupied with water and cannot swell substantially. The hydrogen bonding states of water molecules can only be explained by considering both, the molecular structure of keratin and the contribution of NMF as a holistic system.
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Registered trials
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