ArticleScientific reports2017
Allometric scaling of skin thickness, elasticity, viscoelasticity to mass for micro-medical device translation: from mice, rats, rabbits, pigs to humans.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 113 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
113 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advancing intradermal vaccine delivery: Focus on hollow microneedles and skin models.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Emerging bioactive microneedle platforms for disease management: From cutaneous disorders to systemic therapeutics.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Spatial optimization of transthoracic diffuse optics for myocardial ischemia in mice: a Monte Carlo study.Journal of biomedical optics · 2026Article
- A Fentanyl-Responsive Microneedle Patch for Harm Reduction.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Ultrasoft, adhesive, pH-tunable hydrogel based on in situ functionalized laser-induced graphene for through-hair concurrent biosensing.Science advances · 2026Article
- Delivery of DNA-encoded vaccines and proteins in mice using cutaneous suction-mediated transfection.FEBS open bio · 2026Article
- Mechanical movements generated by movable lipids break endosomal barriers for enhanced mRNA therapeutics.Science advances · 2026Article
- Transdermal needle-free drug delivery approaches and activation mechanism.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- A 3D-Printed Scaffolded Hydrogel Microneedle Array Biosensor for Real-Time, Continuous Monitoring.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- SkinECG: An orthogonal remote powering wearable skin-like sensor.Science advances · 2026Article
- Deformation Driven Suction Cups: A Mechanics-Based Approach to Wearable Electronics.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Development of a high-precision evaluation system for radial pulse wave applanation tonometry devices.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Secondary Exposure to IMQ or Irritants Enhances Psoriasiform Recurrence Through Inflammatory Memory.Inflammation · 2026Article
- MiRNAs in Interstitial Skin Fluid Sampled with Swellable Hydrogel Microneedles Are Locally Deregulated Near Malignant Skin Lesions in Early Stages of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2026Article
- Galactomyces ferment filtrate upregulates anchoring junctions and stabilizes actin to maintain the Young's modulus of skin cells in vitro.International journal of cosmetic science · 2026Article
- Synergy of dissolving microneedles and ultrasound to enhance transdermal delivery for rheumatoid arthritis.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Autonomous Polymer Frameworks for Sustainable Tissue-Interfaced Plastic Bioelectronics.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- A novel integratedRegenerative biomaterials · 2026Article
- Closed-Loop Bioelectronic Artificial Pancreas Patch for Continuous Monitoring and Regulation of Blood Glucose in Diabetic Rats and Pigs.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
53 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Emerging micro-scale medical devices are showing promise, whether in delivering drugs or extracting diagnostic biomarkers from skin. In progressing these devices through animal models towards clinical products, understanding the mechanical properties and skin tissue structure with which they interact will be important. Here, through measurement and analytical modelling, we advanced knowledge of these properties for commonly used laboratory animals and humans (~30 g to ~150 kg). We hypothesised that skin's stiffness is a function of the thickness of its layers through allometric scaling, which could be estimated from knowing a species' body mass. Results suggest that skin layer thicknesses are proportional to body mass with similar composition ratios, inter- and intra-species. Experimental trends showed elastic moduli increased with body mass, except for human skin. To interpret the relationship between species, we developed a simple analytical model for the bulk elastic moduli of skin, which correlated well with experimental data. Our model suggest that layer thicknesses may be a key driver of structural stiffness, as the skin layer constituents are physically and therefore mechanically similar between species. Our findings help advance the knowledge of mammalian skin mechanical properties, providing a route towards streamlined micro-device research and development onto clinical use.
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