ArticleBMJ open2017
Relationship between socioeconomic status and HIV infection: findings from a survey in the Free State and Western Cape Provinces of South Africa.
Article in BMJ open, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Wealth, income and HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Pooled it
- Assessing Discordance Between Self-Perceived HIV Risk and Laboratory-Confirmed HIV Status in South Africa: Insights from the 2022 National Population-Based Survey.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Routine immunization uptake and timeliness in young children exposed to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: A secondary analysis of the Tuberculosis Child Multidrug-Resistant Preventive Therapy multi-site randomised controlled trial.BMC global and public health · 2026Article
- Retrospective analysis of CD4 trends at district levels in South Africa between 2013 and 2023.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2026Article
- The role of premorbid cognitive performance in the neuropsychological assessment of people with HIV in South Africa.PloS one · 2026Article
- HIV incidence and prevalence among adults in Mozambique: estimates from the Population-based HIV Impact Assessment Survey (INSIDA 2021) and district-level modelling.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Article
- Diverging pathways: exploring the interplay between hospital readmission and postdischarge mortality in paediatric sepsis in low-income settings.BMJ global health · 2025Observational
- Intimate Partner Violence and Determinants of HIV Seroconversion among Female Caregivers in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa: Insights from the Asenze Longitudinal Study.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Psychosocial factors account for a proportion of the difference in cognitive performance between persons with and without HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Associated Factors of Awareness and Knowledge About HIV/AIDS Among Women of Reproductive Age in Somaliland: Insights From a Nationwide Survey.AIDS research and treatment · 2025Article
- Geographical distribution and the impact of socio-environmental indicators on incidence of Mpox in Ontario, Canada.PloS one · 2025Article
- Engaging Councillors to Address Structural and Social Drivers of HIV Infections in Blantyre City: A Formative Study.International journal of health policy and management · 2025Article
- Investigating causes of the high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in Du Noon.South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care · 2024Article
- Retrospective analysis of CD4 count trends in South Africa.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2024Article
- Chronic pain is no more prevalent in people living with HIV than in their uninfected counterparts in South Africa.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2023Article
- Setting the research agenda: involving parents in research on children who are HIV-free.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Article
- Predicting the HIV/AIDS Knowledge among the Adolescent and Young Adult Population in Peru: Application of Quasi-Binomial Logistic Regression and Machine Learning Algorithms.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- The Implementation of HIV Self-Testing in Resource-Limited Settings Where the HIV Disease Burden is High.International journal of public health · 2023Article
- Socioeconomic factors impact the risk of HIV acquisition in the township population of South Africa: A Bayesian analysis.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- HIV is still a major public health problem among pregnant women attending ANC in Referral Hospitals of the Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study.BMC women's health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStudies have shown a mixed association between socioeconomic status (SES) and prevalent HIV infection across and within settings in sub-Saharan Africa. In general, the relationship between years of formal education and HIV infection changed from a positive to a negative association with maturity of the HIV epidemic. Our objective was to determine the association between SES and HIV in women of reproductive age in the Free State (FSP) and Western Cape Provinces (WCP) of South Africa (SA). STUDY
designCross-sectional.
settingSA.
methodsWe conducted secondary analysis on 1906 women of reproductive age from a 2007 to 2008 survey that evaluated effectiveness of Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission Programmes. SES was measured by household wealth quintiles, years of formal education and employment status. Our analysis principally used logistic regression for survey data.
resultsThere was a significant negative trend between prevalent HIV infection and wealth quintile in WCP (P<0.001) and FSP (P=0.025). In adjusted analysis, every additional year of formal education was associated with a 10% (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.90 (95% CI 0.85 to 0.96)) significant reduction in risk of prevalent HIV infection in WCP but no significant association was observed in FSP (aOR 0.99; 95% CI 0.89 to 1.11). There was no significant association between employment and prevalent HIV in each province: (aOR 1.54; 95% CI 0.84 to 2.84) in WCP and (aOR 0.96; 95% CI 0.71 to 1.30) in FSP.
conclusionThe association between HIV infection and SES differed by province and by measure of SES and underscores the disproportionately higher burden of prevalent HIV infection among poorer and lowly educated women. Our findings suggest the need for re-evaluation of whether current HIV prevention efforts meet needs of the least educated (in WCP) and the poorest women (both WCP and FSP), and point to the need to investigate additional or tailored strategies for these women.
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