ArticleChemical research in toxicology2018
Effects of Solvent and Temperature on Free Radical Formation in Electronic Cigarette Aerosols.
Article in Chemical research in toxicology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Electronic nicotine delivery system design and aerosol toxicants: A systematic review.PloS one · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Chemosensory tobacco product toxicology part 2: toxicological testing, assays, and state of the science.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Review
- Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Electronic Cigarettes on Mouse Lungs Following Nose-Only Exposures.Chemical research in toxicology · 2025Article
- Pregnancy and Postpartum Effects of Electronic Cigarettes on Maternal Health and Vascular Function in the Fourth Trimester.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2025Article
- Altered uterine artery protein signature and function following E-cigarette exposure in pregnancy.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Free Radicals in Little Cigar Mainstream Smoke and the Potential Influence of Flavoring Chemicals on Free Radical Production.Chemical research in toxicology · 2024Article
- Quantification of Free Radicals from Vaping Electronic Cigarettes Containing Nicotine Salt Solutions with Different Organic Acid Types and Concentrations.Chemical research in toxicology · 2024Article
- Toxicological Aspects Associated with Consumption from Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS): Focus on Heavy Metals Exposure and Cancer Risk.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Does vaping increase the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection? Paradoxically yes and no.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2024Article
- Review
- Device and liquid characteristics used with sweet, menthol/mint, and tobacco ENDS liquid flavors: The population-based VAPER study.Addictive behaviors · 2023Article
- Pulmonary immune response regulation, genotoxicity, and metabolic reprogramming by menthol- and tobacco-flavored e-cigarette exposures in mice.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2023Article
- New insights into how popular electronic cigarette aerosols and aerosol constituents affect SARS-CoV-2 infection of human bronchial epithelial cells.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- External Factors Modulating Vaping-Induced Thermal Degradation of Vitamin E Acetate.Chemical research in toxicology · 2023Article
- Determination of chemical constituent yields in e-cigarette aerosol using partial and whole pod collections, a comparative analysis.Frontiers in chemistry · 2023Article
- Critical Review of the Recent Literature on Organic Byproducts in E-Cigarette Aerosol Emissions.Toxics · 2022Review
- Review
- New Insights into How JUUL™ Electronic Cigarette Aerosols and Aerosol Constituents Affect SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2022Article
- Effect of Heating on Physicochemical Property of Aerosols during Vaping.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The ever-evolving market of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) presents a challenge for analyzing and characterizing the harmful products they can produce. Earlier we reported that e-cigarette aerosols can deliver high levels of reactive free radicals; however, there are few data characterizing the production of these potentially harmful oxidants. Thus, we have performed a detailed analysis of the different parameters affecting the production of free radical by e-cigarettes. Using a temperature-controlled e-cigarette device and a novel mechanism for reliably simulating e-cigarette usage conditions, including coil activation and puff flow, we analyzed the effects of temperature, wattage, and e-liquid solvent composition of propylene glycol (PG) and glycerol (GLY) on radical production. Free radicals in e-cigarette aerosols were spin-trapped and analyzed using electron paramagnetic resonance. Free radical production increased in a temperature-dependent manner, showing a nearly 2-fold increase between 100 and 300 °C under constant-temperature conditions. Free radical production under constant wattage showed an even greater increase when going from 10 to 50 W due, in part, to higher coil temperatures compared to constant-temperature conditions. The e-liquid PG content also heavily influenced free radical production, showing a nearly 3-fold increase upon comparison of ratios of 0:100 (PG:GLY) and 100:0 (PG:GLY). Increases in PG content were also associated with increases in aerosol-induced oxidation of biologically relevant lipids. These results demonstrate that the production of reactive free radicals in e-cigarette aerosols is highly solvent dependent and increases with an increase in temperature. Radical production was somewhat dependent on aerosol production at higher temperatures; however, disproportionately high levels of free radicals were observed at ≥100 °C despite limited aerosol production. Overall, these findings suggest that e-cigarettes can be designed to minimize exposure to these potentially harmful products.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.