ArticleNutrients2017
Impact of High-Dose Multi-Strain Probiotic Supplementation on Neurocognitive Performance and Central Nervous System Immune Activation of HIV-1 Infected Individuals.
Article in Nutrients, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02276326 (Title Effect of Microbial Translocation and Supplementation With the Probiotic VSL#3 on Neuro-cognitive Functions of HIV Positive Patients Receiving HAART), which is not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Title Effect of Microbial Translocation and Supplementation With the Probiotic VSL#3 on Neuro-cognitive Functions of HIV Positive Patients Receiving HAART
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effect of Prebiotics and Probiotics on Levels of Depression, Anxiety, and Cognitive Function: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.Brain and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Microbiota shaping - the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplant on cognitive functions: A systematic review.World journal of gastroenterology · 2021Pooled it
- The Effects of High-Dose Probiotic Supplementation on Immune Activation and Neurocognitive Disorders in People Living with HIV Undergoing Successful Antiretroviral Treatment: The Procog Study.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Trial
- Exploring the acute and chronic effects of a multistrain probiotic supplement on cognitive function and mood in healthy older adults: a randomized controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Cognitive impairment and CSF proteome modification after oral bacteriotherapy in HIV patients.Journal of neurovirology · 2020Trial
- Role of the gut-brain axis in neurological diseases: Molecular connections and therapeutic implications (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Hormetic Nutrition and Redox Regulation in Gut-Brain Axis Disorders.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Non-pharmaceutical interventions for people living with HIV with cognitive impairment: A scoping review.PloS one · 2024Article
- HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder: key implications of the microbiota-gut-brain axis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Therapeutically targeting the consequences of HIV-1-associated gastrointestinal dysbiosis: Implications for neurocognitive and affective alterations.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2023Article
- HIV Tat Expression and Cocaine Exposure Lead to Sex- and Age-Specific Changes of the Microbiota Composition in the Gut.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Cannabinoids modulate the microbiota-gut-brain axis in HIV/SIV infection by reducing neuroinflammation and dysbiosis while concurrently elevating endocannabinoid and indole-3-propionate levels.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- A review of the auditory-gut-brain axis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- The comorbidity of depression and neurocognitive disorder in persons with HIV infection: call for investigation and treatment.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Article
- Developments in Neuroprotection for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND).Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Review
- Neuropathogenesis of HIV and emerging therapeutic targets.Expert opinion on therapeutic targets · 2022Review
- The Therapeutic Role of Exercise and Probiotics in Stressful Brain Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Probing the Interface of HIV and Inflammaging.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2021Review
- Differential Diagnosis of Chorea-HIV Infection Delays Diagnosis of Huntington's Disease by Years.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Interplay of Good Bacteria and Central Nervous System: Cognitive Aspects and Mechanistic Considerations.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGut microbiota has metabolic activity which influences mucosal homeostasis, local and systemic immune responses, and other anatomical systems (i.e., brain). The effects of dysbiosis are still poorly studied in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) positive subjects and insufficient data are available on the impairment of the gut-brain axis, despite neurocognitive disorders being commonly diagnosed in these patients. This study evaluated the impact of a probiotic supplementation strategy on intrathecal immune activation and cognitive performance in combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) treated HIV-1 infected subjects.
methodsThirty-five HIV-1 infected individuals were included in this study. At baseline (T0) a battery of tests was administered, to evaluate neurocognitive function and a lumbar puncture was performed to determine neopterin concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as a marker of Central Nervous System (CNS) immune activation. Subsequently, a subgroup of participants underwent a 6-month course of multi-strain probiotics supplementation; this intervention group was evaluated, after probiotic treatment, with a second lumbar puncture and with repeated neurocognitive tests.
resultsAt T0, all participants showed impaired results in at least one neurocognitive test and elevated neopterin concentrations in CSF. After supplementation with probiotics (T6), the interventional group presented a significant decrease in neopterin concentration and a significant improvement in several neurocognitive tests. In contrast, no significant modifications were observed in the neurocognitive performance of controls between T0 and T6. The CNS Penetration Effectiveness Score of antiretroviral therapy did not show an influence from any of the investigated variables.
conclusionsMulti-strain probiotic supplementation seems to exert a positive effect on neuroinflammation and neurocognitive impairment in HIV-1 infected subjects, but large trials are needed to support the concept that modulation of the gut microbiota can provide specific neurological benefits in these patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.