ArticleRevista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)
Changes in energy and motor activity: core symptoms of bipolar mania and depression?
Article in Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mood or energy/activity symptoms in bipolar mania: which are the most informative?Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapy · 2024Article
- The Temporal Relationship between Depressive Symptoms and Loneliness: The Moderating Role of Self-Compassion.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Segregation, integration and balance in resting-state brain functional networks associated with bipolar disorder symptoms.Human brain mapping · 2023Article
- Grey and white matter alteration in euthymic children with bipolar disorder: a combined source-based morphometry (SBM) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) study.Brain imaging and behavior · 2022Article
- Comparison of Night, Day and 24 h Motor Activity Data for the Classification of Depressive Episodes.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Network analysis of mood symptoms in adolescents with or at high risk for bipolar disorder.Bipolar disorders · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate how well symptom rating scales differentiate bipolar disorder (BD) episode types.
methodsOne hundred and six patients with BD were followed for 13 years. At each visit, the following clinical scales were administered: Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) and Clinical Global Impressions scale for use in bipolar illness (CGI-BP). To perform a comparison between the affective states of BP, three time points in each patient's follow-up period were chosen for evaluation: the most severe manic episode, the most severe depressive episode, and the euthymic period with least symptoms. Canonical discriminant analyses (CDA) were performed to identify which symptoms best discriminated episodes.
resultsCDA revealed HAM-D was worse than YMRS and CGI-BP to discriminate mood states. The items evaluating increased motor activity in YMRS (2, increased motor activity/energy) and HAM-D (9, agitation) were the best to distinguish mania, depression, and euthymia. In contrast, HAM-D item 8 (retardation) and the HAM-D and YMRS items related to mood symptoms were less important and precise.
conclusionHigher levels of energy or activity should be considered a core symptom of mania. However, our results do not confirm the association between a decrease in energy or activity and depression. HAM-D probably does not assess motor activity adequately.
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