ArticleNature2017
Programmable base editing of A•T to G•C in genomic DNA without DNA cleavage.
Article in Nature, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 2,403 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2,403 citing papers in PubMed, 4,067 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic kidney diseases: Decoding molecular taxonomies to drive precision nephrology and therapeutic innovation.Genes & diseases · 2027Review
- An Electroporation-Based Protocol for Ex Vivo Base Editing: From Design to Quantitative Assessment.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Article
- Electroporation for High-Efficiency Delivery of CRISPR to Hematopoietic Cells.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Article
- Production and Storage of High-Capacity Adenoviral Vectors for the Delivery of Advanced CRISPR Systems.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Article
- Base Editing: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Applications.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Review
- Role of Chromatin-Associated RNAs in Eye Physiology and Pathology.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Review
- CRISPR/Cas Systems: Biological Basis and Genome Editing Applications.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Review
- Non-Viral CRISPR carriers: transient delivery with lasting effects.Drug delivery · 2026Review
- CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing for enhancing grain quality traits in rice (Plant signaling & behavior · 2026Review
- Machine-learning in optimization of CRISPR technology.Machine learning. Health · 2026Review
- Efficient PE system PE7-scFv-MLH1dn by optimizing the configuration of La and MLH1dn.Synthetic and systems biotechnology · 2026Article
- OmniEdit: A unified CRISPR/Cas9 platform for precise genome engineering and strain optimization of theSynthetic and systems biotechnology · 2026Article
- Genetically engineered hypoimmunogenic iPSCs: Strategies and considerations for clinical applications.Regenerative therapy · 2026Review
- Base editing reversal of radiation sensitivity in NHEJ1 immunodeficiency.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
- Utilization of the CRISPR-Cas system for investigating tuberculosis drug resistance.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Translating base editors: a decade of progress from the bench to the clinic.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- CRISPR in clinical oncology: translational advances from molecular diagnostics to therapeutics.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Advances in Precision Editing Therapies for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency.Human gene therapy · 2026Review
- PrimeStack editors enable efficient and site-specific integration of large multigene cargos in plants.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Unlocking the curative potential of gene transfer and editing for hematopoietic disorders.Experimental hematology · 2026Review
2,343 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The spontaneous deamination of cytosine is a major source of transitions from C•G to T•A base pairs, which account for half of known pathogenic point mutations in humans. The ability to efficiently convert targeted A•T base pairs to G•C could therefore advance the study and treatment of genetic diseases. The deamination of adenine yields inosine, which is treated as guanine by polymerases, but no enzymes are known to deaminate adenine in DNA. Here we describe adenine base editors (ABEs) that mediate the conversion of A•T to G•C in genomic DNA. We evolved a transfer RNA adenosine deaminase to operate on DNA when fused to a catalytically impaired CRISPR-Cas9 mutant. Extensive directed evolution and protein engineering resulted in seventh-generation ABEs that convert targeted A•T base pairs efficiently to G•C (approximately 50% efficiency in human cells) with high product purity (typically at least 99.9%) and low rates of indels (typically no more than 0.1%). ABEs introduce point mutations more efficiently and cleanly, and with less off-target genome modification, than a current Cas9 nuclease-based method, and can install disease-correcting or disease-suppressing mutations in human cells. Together with previous base editors, ABEs enable the direct, programmable introduction of all four transition mutations without double-stranded DNA cleavage.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.