ArticleMemory & cognition2018
The location-, word-, and arrow-based Simon effects: An ex-Gaussian analysis.
Article in Memory & cognition, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Stimulus Incongruency Effects on Visual Short-Term Memory Binding in Young and Older Adults with and Without Cognitive Impairment.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Simon says "stay in touch": Reachability moderates the effect of irrelevant spatial congruence.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2026Article
- Reaction time distribution analysis of bimanual movements with spatial and symbolic cues.Experimental brain research · 2025Article
- Erroneous saccade co-execution during manual action control is independent of oculomotor stimulus-response translation ease.Psychological research · 2024Article
- Conflict Processing Is Unaffected by Stimulus Duration Across Multiple Visual Tasks: Evidence for Transient over Permanent Activation Models.Computational brain & behavior · 2024Article
- Knowledge over Time of Action Codes for Perceived Objects: An Exploratory Study on Developmental Children.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- The Simon Effect Asymmetry for Left- and Right-Dominant Persons.Journal of cognition · 2023Article
- Delta plots for conflict tasks: An activation-suppression race model.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2021Review
- Word- and arrow-based Simon effects emerge for eccentrically presented location words and arrows.Psychological research · 2021Article
- Shared mechanisms underlying the location-, word- and arrow-based Simon effects.Psychological research · 2020Article
- The location-based Simon effect: Reliability of ex-Gaussian analysis.Memory & cognition · 2020Article
- How different direct association routes influence the indirect route in the same Simon-like task.Psychological research · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Task-irrelevant spatial information, conveyed by stimulus location, location word, or arrow direction, can influence the response to task-relevant attributes, generating the location-, word-, and arrow-based Simon effects. We examined whether different mechanisms are involved in the generation of these Simon effects by fitting a mathematical ex-Gaussian function to empirical response time (RT) distributions. Specifically, we tested whether which ex-Gaussian parameters (μ, σ, and τ) show Simon effects and whether the location-, word, and arrow-based effects are on different parameters. Results show that the location-based Simon effect occurred on mean RT and μ but not on τ, and a reverse Simon effect occurred on σ. In contrast, a positive word-based Simon effect was obtained on all these measures (including σ), and a positive arrow-based Simon effect was evident on mean RT, σ, and τ but not μ. The arrow-based Simon effect was not different from the word-based Simon effect on τ or σ but was on μ and mean RT. These distinct results on mean RT and ex-Gaussian parameters provide evidence that spatial information conveyed by the various location modes are different in the time-course of activation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.