Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29159674›Full record

ArticleKnee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA2018

The quadrant method measuring four points is as a reliable and accurate as the quadrant method in the evaluation after anatomical double-bundle ACL reconstruction.

Yuta Mochizuki, Takao Kaneko, Keisuke Kawahara, Shinya Toyoda, Norihiko Kono, Masaru Hada, Hiroyasu Ikegami, Yoshiro Musha

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Trial
  3. Standardizing ACL tunnel placement: an automated method for knee quadrant computation.International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yuta MochizukiDepartment of Orthopaedics Surgery (Ohashi), School of Medicine, Toho University, 2-17-6 Ohashi, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8515, Japan. yuta.mochizuki@med.toho-u.ac.jp.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9203-7502
Takao KanekoDepartment of Orthopaedics Surgery (Ohashi), School of Medicine, Toho University, 2-17-6 Ohashi, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8515, Japan.
Keisuke KawaharaDepartment of Orthopaedics Surgery (Ohashi), School of Medicine, Toho University, 2-17-6 Ohashi, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8515, Japan.
Shinya ToyodaDepartment of Orthopaedics Surgery (Ohashi), School of Medicine, Toho University, 2-17-6 Ohashi, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8515, Japan.
Norihiko KonoDepartment of Orthopaedics Surgery (Ohashi), School of Medicine, Toho University, 2-17-6 Ohashi, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8515, Japan.
Masaru HadaDepartment of Orthopaedics Surgery (Ohashi), School of Medicine, Toho University, 2-17-6 Ohashi, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8515, Japan.
Hiroyasu IkegamiDepartment of Orthopaedics Surgery (Ohashi), School of Medicine, Toho University, 2-17-6 Ohashi, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8515, Japan.
Yoshiro MushaDepartment of Orthopaedics Surgery (Ohashi), School of Medicine, Toho University, 2-17-6 Ohashi, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8515, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe quadrant method was described by Bernard et al. and it has been widely used for postoperative evaluation of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The purpose of this research is to further develop the quadrant method measuring four points, which we named four-point quadrant method, and to compare with the quadrant method.

methodsThree-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) analyses were performed in 25 patients who underwent double-bundle ACL reconstruction using the outside-in technique. The four points in this study's quadrant method were defined as point1-highest, point2-deepest, point3-lowest, and point4-shallowest, in femoral tunnel position. Value of depth and height in each point was measured. Antero-medial (AM) tunnel is (depth1, height2) and postero-lateral (PL) tunnel is (depth3, height4) in this four-point quadrant method. The 3D-CT images were evaluated independently by 2 orthopaedic surgeons. A second measurement was performed by both observers after a 4-week interval. Intra- and inter-observer reliability was calculated by means of intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Also, the accuracy of the method was evaluated against the quadrant method.

resultsIntra-observer reliability was almost perfect for both AM and PL tunnel (ICC > 0.81). Inter-observer reliability of AM tunnel was substantial (ICC > 0.61) and that of PL tunnel was almost perfect (ICC > 0.81). The AM tunnel position was 0.13% deep, 0.58% high and PL tunnel position was 0.01% shallow, 0.13% low compared to quadrant method.

conclusionsThe four-point quadrant method was found to have high intra- and inter-observer reliability and accuracy. This method can evaluate the tunnel position regardless of the shape and morphology of the bone tunnel aperture for use of comparison and can provide measurement that can be compared with various reconstruction methods. The four-point quadrant method of this study is considered to have clinical relevance in that it is a detailed and accurate tool for evaluating femoral tunnel position after ACL reconstruction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Case series, Level IV.

Indexed as

AdultAnterior Cruciate Ligament InjuriesAnterior Cruciate Ligament ReconstructionFemaleFemurHumansImaging, Three-DimensionalMaleMiddle AgedObserver VariationPostoperative PeriodReproducibility of ResultsTomography, X-Ray Computed3-Dimensional computed tomographyAnterior cruciate ligament reconstructionFemoral tunnel positionQuadrant method

Identifiers

PMID29159674

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.