ReviewJournal of immunology research2017
The Role of Costimulation Blockade in Solid Organ and Islet Xenotransplantation.
Review in Journal of immunology research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Challenges and opportunities in vascularized composite allotransplantation of joints: a systematic literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- A Comparative Analysis of Pig-to-Rhesus Corneal Xenotransplantation with Various Immunosuppressive Regimens.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2026Article
- Xenotransplantation: Promises and Perils.Annual review of medicine · 2026Review
- Xeno kidney: revolutionizing kidney disease treatment.Frontiers in nephrology · 2026Review
- Revolutionizing medicine: Exploring the breakthroughs in liver xenotransplantation.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2025Review
- Addressing glycan and hematological barriers in pig-to-nonhuman primate liver xenotransplantation: challenges and future directions.Clinical transplantation and research · 2025Review
- The Future of Pig Liver Xenotransplantation.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2025Review
- How should cardiac xenotransplantation be initiated in Japan?Surgery today · 2024Review
- [Xenotransplantation of solid organs].Chirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Current Status of Cardiac Xenotransplantation: Report of a Workshop of the German Heart Transplant Centers, Martinsried, March 3, 2023.The Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeon · 2024Article
- The Evolution of Immunosuppressive Therapy in Pig-to-Nonhuman Primate Organ Transplantation.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2024Review
- Progress in Orthotopic Pig Heart Transplantation in Nonhuman Primates.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2024Review
- The anti-CD40L monoclonal antibody AT-1501 promotes islet and kidney allograft survival and function in nonhuman primates.Science translational medicine · 2023Article
- Milestones on the path to clinical pig organ xenotransplantation.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2023Review
- Cardiac xenotransplantation: from concept to clinic.Cardiovascular research · 2023Review
- FcγRs and Their Relevance for the Activity of Anti-CD40 Antibodies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Xenotransplantation: A New Era.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Current Barriers to Clinical Liver Xenotransplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Current Topics of Relevance to the Xenotransplantation of Free Pig Islets.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Current status of xenotransplantation research and the strategies for preventing xenograft rejection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Pig-to-human xenotransplantation offers a potential bridge to the growing disparity between patients with end-stage organ failure and graft availability. Early studies attempting to overcome cross-species barriers demonstrated robust humoral immune responses to discordant xenoantigens. Recent advances have led to highly efficient and targeted genomic editing, drastically altering the playing field towards rapid production of less immunogenic porcine tissues and even the discussion of human xenotransplantation trials. However, as these humoral immune barriers to cross-species transplantation are overcome with advanced transgenics, cellular immunity to these novel xenografts remains an outstanding issue. Therefore, understanding and optimizing immunomodulation will be paramount for successful clinical xenotransplantation. Costimulation blockade agents have been introduced in xenotransplantation research in 2000 with anti-CD154mAb. Most recently, prolonged survival has been achieved in solid organ (kidney xenograft survival > 400 days with anti-CD154mAb, heart xenograft survival > 900 days, and liver xenograft survival 29 days with anti-CD40mAb) and islet xenotransplantation (>600 days with anti-CD154mAb) with the use of these potent experimental agents. As the development of novel genetic modifications and costimulation blocking agents converges, we review their impact thus far on preclinical xenotransplantation and the potential for future application.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.