SynthesisVaccine2018
The risk of lower respiratory tract infection following influenza virus infection: A systematic and narrative review.
Synthesis in Vaccine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Viral etiology of acute respiratory infections in Sub-Saharan Africa during the pre-COVID-19 period (2006-2019): a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Epidemiology and burden of influenza in healthy children aged 6 to 35 months: analysis of data from the placebo arm of a phase III efficacy trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Trial
- Burden and risk factors of influenza-associated acute respiratory infections among older adults in India: a multicentric community-based surveillance (2018-2023).The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2026Article
- Viral lineage and mode of exposure modulate within-host spatial dynamics of influenza A viruses in a guinea pig model.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Periodontitis and respiratory infections - exploring the oral-systemic link.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Viral lineage and mode of exposure modulate within host spatial dynamics of influenza A viruses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The bacterial etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of lower respiratory tract infections in Vietnam.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2025Article
- Epidemiological characteristics of acute viral and mycoplasma respiratory infections in Yongzhou, China: a retrospective descriptive study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Article
- The assessment of pentraxin 3: a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in lower respiratory tract infections in children.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Symptom propagation in respiratory pathogens of public health concern: a review of the evidence.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2024Review
- Epidemiological and health economic implications of symptom propagation in respiratory pathogens: A mathematical modelling investigation.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Spectrum of pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage specimens at a hilly area in Uttarakhand.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Article
- Development of a Novel Multiplex PCR Method for the Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A Virus, and Influenza B Virus.International journal of analytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Article
- Global burden of influenza lower respiratory tract infections in older people from 1990 to 2019.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2023Article
- ECHOPvir: A Mixture of Echinacea and Hop Extracts Endowed with Cytoprotective, Immunomodulatory and Antiviral Properties.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Viral etiologies of lower respiratory tract infections in children < 5 years of age in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a prospective case-control study.Virology journal · 2023Article
- [Health Technology Assessment: a value-based tool for the evaluation of healthcare technologies. Reassessment of the cell-culture-derived quadrivalent influenza vaccine: Flucelvax TetraJournal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in young children and older adults. Influenza is known to cause severe disease but the risk of developing LRTI following influenza virus infection in various populations has not been systematically reviewed. Such data are important for estimating the impact specific influenza vaccine programs would have on LRTI outcomes in a community. We sought to review the published literature to determine the risk of developing LRTI following an influenza virus infection in individuals of any age. METHODS AND
findingsWe conducted a systematic review to identify prospective studies that estimated the incidence of LRTI following laboratory-confirmed influenza virus infection. We searched PubMed, Medline, and Embase databases for relevant literature. We supplemented this search with a narrative review of influenza and LRTI. The systematic review identified two prospective studies that both followed children less than 5 years. We also identified one additional pediatric study from our narrative review meeting the study inclusion criteria. Finally, we summarized recent case-control studies on the etiology of pneumonia in both adults and children.
conclusionsThere is a dearth of prospective studies evaluating the risk of developing LRTI following influenza virus infection. Determining the burden of severe LRTI that is attributable to influenza is necessary to estimate the benefits of influenza vaccine on this important public health outcome. Vaccine probe studies are an efficient way to evaluate these questions and should be encouraged going forward.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.