ArticleParasites & vectors2017
Ticks and the city - are there any differences between city parks and natural forests in terms of tick abundance and prevalence of spirochaetes?
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Distribution of ticks in the Western Palearctic: an updated systematic review (2015-2021).Parasites & vectors · 2023Pooled it
- First records of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in voles and selected Apodemus species in Serbia.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Turning urban wildlife mortality into a surveillance tool: Detection of vector-borne pathogens in carcasses of hedgehogs, squirrels, and blackbirds.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Identification and mapping of potential and highly likely vectors for selected vector-borne diseases in the EU and neighbouring countries.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026Article
- Occurrence of Borrelia miyamotoi in Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus ticks removed from human skin in Poland in 2022-2024.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Incidence of Lyme borreliosis following Ixodes ricinus tick bites in Poland: a citizen science approach.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Diversity of Hard Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) Fauna on Green Habitats of Urban Areas in Eastern Croatia.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Micro- and Macroenvironment and Habitat Influences on Tick Abundance in Oklahoma City Urban Parks.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Are you ready for the tick season? Spring dynamic of tick diversity and density in urban and suburban areas.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Assessing tick attachments to humans with citizen science data: spatio-temporal mapping in Switzerland from 2015 to 2021 using spatialMaxent.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Occurrence and prevalence of host-seekingCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2025Article
- Assessment of occupational exposure of soldiers to Lyme disease and Borrelia miyamotoi disease in selected military training areas from northern Poland.Experimental & applied acarology · 2024Article
- Lyme disease in companion animals: an updated state-of-art and current situation in Portugal.Veterinary research communications · 2024Review
- Prevalence ofInsects · 2024Article
- Pathogens detected in ticks (Ixodes ricinus) feeding on red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) from city parks in Warsaw.Experimental & applied acarology · 2024Article
- Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens in Popular Recreational Areas in Tallinn, Estonia: The Underestimated Risk of Tick-Borne Diseases.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Review
- Ticks and spirochetes of the genus Borrelia in urban areas of Central-Western Poland.Experimental & applied acarology · 2024Article
- Ticks - public health risks in urban green spaces.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Co-Occurrence ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIxodes ricinus ticks are commonly encountered in either natural or urban areas, contributing to Lyme disease agents Borreliella [(Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato)] spp. and Borrelia miyamotoi enzootic cycles in cities. It is an actual problem whether urbanization affects pathogen circulation and therefore risk of infection. The aim of the study was to evaluate main tick-borne disease risk factors in natural, endemic areas of north-east (NE) Poland (Białowieża) and urban areas of central Poland (Warsaw), measuring tick abundance/density, prevalence of infection with spirochaetes and diversity of these pathogens in spring-early summer and late summer-autumn periods between 2012 and 2015.
methodsQuesting I. ricinus ticks were collected from three urban sites in Warsaw, central Poland and three natural sites in Białowieża, NE Poland. A total of 2993 ticks were analyzed for the presence of Borreliella spp. and/or Borrelia miyamotoi DNA by PCR. Tick abundance was analyzed by General Linear Models (GLM). Prevalence and distribution of spirochaetes was analyzed by Maximum Likelihood techniques based on log-linear analysis of contingency tables (HILOGLINEAR). Species typing and molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the sequenced flaB marker were carried out.
resultsOverall 4617 I. ricinus ticks were collected (2258 nymphs and 2359 adults). We report well established population of ticks in urban areas (10.1 ± 0.9 ticks/100 m
conclusionsSurprisingly, a similar risk of infection with Borreliella spp. and/or B. miyamotoi was discovered in highly- and low-transformed areas. We suggest that the awareness of presence of these disease agents in cities should be raised.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.