ArticleSocial science & medicine (1982)2018
Peer norms moderate the association between mental health and sexual risk behaviors among young men living in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Article in Social science & medicine (1982), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of demographics and psychological barriers with late presentation of HIV among men who have sex with men in Chengdu, China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Perceptions About Local ART Adherence Norms and Personal Adherence Behavior Among Adults Living with HIV in Rural Uganda.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- Perceived and misperceived norms about khat and/or cannabis use among adults in southwest Uganda.The International journal on drug policy · 2022Article
- Overestimation of alcohol consumption norms as a driver of alcohol consumption: a whole-population network study of men across eight villages in rural, southwestern Uganda.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Article
- Social norms and the association between intimate partner violence and depression in rural Bangladesh-a multilevel analysis.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2021Article
- Social norms, misperceptions, and mosquito net use: a population-based, cross-sectional study in rural Uganda.Malaria journal · 2019Article
- Social support, mental health needs, and HIV risk behaviors: a gender-specific, correlation study.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Sources of social support and sexual behaviour advice for young adults in rural South Africa.BMJ global health · 2018Article
- Perceived Environment and HIV Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Male Migrants Under Gender Imbalance in China: Does Sex With Online Partner Play a Mediating Role?American journal of men's healthArticle
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundYoung men living in Dar es Salaam's informal settlements face environmental stressors that may expose them to multiple determinants of HIV risk including poor mental health and risky sexual behavior norms. We aimed to understand how these co-occurring risk factors not only independently affect men's condom use and sexual partner concurrency, but also how they interact to shape these risk behaviors.
methodsParticipants in the study were male members of 59 social groups known as "camps" in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. We assessed moderation by changes in peer norms of the association between changes in symptoms of anxiety and depression and sexual risk behaviors (condom use and sexual partner concurrency) among 1113 sexually active men. Participants nominated their three closest friends in their camp and reported their perceptions of these friends' behaviors, attitudes, and encouragement of condom use and concurrency. Anxiety and depression were measured using the HSCL-25, and condom use and sexual partner concurrency were assessed through self-report.
resultsPerceptions of decreasing condom use among friends (descriptive norms) and decreasing encouragement of condom use were associated with lower levels of condom use. Perceptions of increasing partner concurrency and acceptability of partner concurrency (injunctive norms) among friends were associated with higher odds of concurrency. Changes in perceived condom use norms (descriptive norms and encouragement) interacted with changes in anxiety symptoms in association with condom use such that the negative relationship was amplified by norms less favorable for condom use, and attenuated by more favorable norms for condom use.
conclusionsThese results provide novel evidence of the interacting effects of poor mental health and risky sexual behavior norms among a hard to reach population of marginalized young men in Dar es Salaam. Our findings provide important information for future norms-based and mental health promotion interventions targeting HIV prevention in this key population.
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