ArticlePloS one2017
Immune response profiles of calves following vaccination with live BCG and inactivated Mycobacterium bovis vaccine candidates.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune Responsiveness Induced by Administration of Heat-Inactivated M. bovis and BCG Prior to Experimental Infection in African Buffalo.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Anti-phenolic glycolipid antibodies inOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Orally administered live BCG and heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis protect bison against experimental bovine tuberculosis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Dosage and organic acid residue of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoproteinExperimental animals · 2025Article
- Intranasal BCG vaccination induces systemic and pulmonary mucosal immune responses against tuberculosis in a goat model.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Protection and diagnostic interference induced by heat-inactivated, phage-inactivated and live vaccine prototypes against animal tuberculosis.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Effects of different vaccination regimes on the immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis in goats and evaluation of defined antigens.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Will we ever eradicate animal tuberculosis?Irish veterinary journal · 2023Article
- Vaccination Strategies in a Potential Use of the Vaccine against Bovine Tuberculosis in Infected Herds.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Review
- Influence of Heterologous and Homologous Vaccines, and Their Components, on the Host Immune Response and Protection Against Experimental Caprine Paratuberculosis.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
- Evaluation of the Efficacy of BCG in Protecting Against Contact Challenge With Bovine Tuberculosis in Holstein-Friesian and Zebu Crossbred Calves in Ethiopia.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
- Immunogenicity and Protection againstVaccines · 2020Article
- Development and Challenges in Animal Tuberculosis Vaccination.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Effects of InactivatedPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Challenges for controlling bovine tuberculosis in South Africa.The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research · 2020Review
- The Humoral Immune Response to BCG Vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Efficacy of parenteral vaccination against tuberculosis with heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis in experimentally challenged goats.PloS one · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Conventional control and eradication strategies for bovine tuberculosis (BTB) face tremendous difficulties in developing countries; countries with wildlife reservoirs, a complex wildlife-livestock-human interface or a lack of veterinary and veterinary public health surveillance. Vaccination of cattle and other species might in some cases provide the only suitable control strategy for BTB, while in others it may supplement existing test-and-slaughter schemes. However, the use of live BCG has several limitations and the global rise of HIV/AIDS infections has furthermore warranted the exploration of inactivated vaccine preparations. The aim of this study was to compare the immune response profiles in response to parenteral vaccination with live BCG and two inactivated vaccine candidates in cattle. Twenty-four mixed breed calves (Bos taurus) aged 4-6 months, were allocated to one of four groups and vaccinated sub-cutaneously with live M. bovis BCG (Danish 1331), formalin-inactivated M. bovis BCG, heat-killed M. bovis or PBS/Montanide™ (control). Interferon-γ responsiveness and antibody production were measured prior to vaccination and at weekly intervals thereafter for twelve weeks. At nine weeks post-priming, animals were skin tested using tuberculins and MTBC specific protein cocktails and subsequently challenged through intranodular injection of live M. bovis BCG. The animals in the heat-killed M. bovis group demonstrated strong and sustained cell-mediated and humoral immune responses, significantly higher than the control group in response to vaccination, which may indicate a protective immune profile. Animals in this group showed reactivity to the skin test reagents, confirming good vaccine take. Lastly, although not statistically significant, recovery of BCG after challenge was lowest in the heat-killed M. bovis group. In conclusion, the parenteral heat-killed M. bovis vaccine proved to be clearly immunogenic in cattle in the present study, urging further evaluation of the vaccine in challenge studies using virulent M. bovis and assessment of vaccine efficacy in field conditions.
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