ArticlePloS one2017
Indications and determinants of caesarean section delivery: Evidence from a population-based study in Matlab, Bangladesh.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Caesarean delivery and its association with educational attainment, wealth index, and place of residence in Sub-Saharan Africa: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Feasibility and effectiveness of electronic vs. paper partograph on improving birth outcomes: A prospective crossover study design.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Prevalence, indications, and preference of caesarean section deliveries among women attending primary health care units in Port-Said City, Egypt.The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association · 2026Article
- Association between cesarean section and maternal body mass index among ever-married women with recent births in Bangladesh: evidence from the 2017-18 BDHS.BMC public health · 2026Article
- From medical necessity to private-sector dominance: a two-decade evolution of caesarean section determinants in Bangladesh (2004-2022).Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Prevalence and correlates of cesarean section delivery and physician attendance during cesarean section in Bangladesh: evidence from nationally representative data 2017-18.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Cesarean Section Rates and Mobile Health's Role in Equitable Access to Prenatal Care.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic trends associated with caesarean delivery in rural subdistricts of Bangladesh: a cohort study, 2005-2019.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Prevalence, urban-rural disparity and determinants of caesarean section delivery among women delivering at health facilities in 48 low- and middle-income countries: a multilevel and decomposition analysis.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Rising C-section use and the private maternal health care sector in Pakistan: evidence from the 2012-13 and 2017-18 Demographic and Health Surveys.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Comparative study on caesarian and normal vaginal delivery, Rajshahi Division, Bangladesh.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Re-Striking the Indications in the Improvement of Avoidable Caesarian Section: A Cluster Randomized Control Trial.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Second-trimester anthropometric estimators of cesarean section: the agreement between body roundness index, body mass index, body fat percentage, and waist circumference.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- A Retrospective Analysis of the Robson Classification Implementation in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Serbia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Determinants of caesarean section use in Ghana: A trend analysis of 2003-2022 DHS data.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Identifying determinants and predicting cesarean section delivery among Bangladeshi women using machine learning: Insight from BDHS 2022 Data.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Does community pressure matter in cesarean deliveries in Bangladesh? An analysis of nationally representative surveys.PloS one · 2025Article
- The relationship between pregnant women's perception of traumatic birth and their mode of delivery preference.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2025Article
- Article
- A cohort study of the occurrence of post-term births and its association with perinatal mortality in a rural area in Bangladesh.Journal of global health · 2024Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
methodsCaesarean section (C-section) is a major obstetric intervention for saving lives of women and their newborns from pregnancy and childbirth related complications. Un-necessary C-sections may have adverse impact upon maternal and neonatal outcomes. In Bangladesh there is paucity of data on clinical indication of C-section at population level. We conducted a retrospective study in icddr,b Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) area of Matlab to look into the indications and determinants of C-sections. All resident women in HDSS service area who gave birth in 2013 with a known birth outcome, were included in the study. Women who underwent C-section were identified from birth and pregnancy files of HDSS and their indication for C-section were collected reviewing health facility records where the procedure took place, supplemented by face-to-face interview of mothers where data were missing. Indications of C-section were presented as frequency distribution and further divided into different groups following 3 distinct classification systems. Socio-demographic predictors were explored following statistical method of binary logistic regression.
findingsDuring 2013, facility delivery rate was 84% and population based C-section rate was 35% of all deliveries in icddr,b service area. Of all C-sections, only 1.4% was conducted for Absolute Maternal Indications (AMIs). Major indications of C-sections included: repeat C-section (24%), foetal distress (21%), prolonged labour (16%), oligohydramnios (14%) and post-maturity (13%). More than 80% C-sections were performed in for-profit private facilities. Probability of C-section delivery increased with improved socio-economic status, higher education, lower birth order, higher age, and with more number of Antenatal Care use and presence of bad obstetric history. Eight maternal deaths occurred, of which five were delivered by C-section.
conclusionsC-section rate in this area was much higher than national average as well as global recommendations. Very few of C-sections were undertaken for AMIs. Routine monitoring of clinical indication of C-section in public and private facilities is needed to ensure rational use of the procedure.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.