ArticlePloS one2017
Determinants of site of tuberculosis disease: An analysis of European surveillance data from 2003 to 2014.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Tuberculosis in adult migrants in Europe: a TBnet consensus statement.The European respiratory journal · 2025Pooled it
- Gastrointestinal tuberculosis: A systematic review of epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis and treatment.Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology AssociationPooled it
- Epidemiology of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, Alameda County, California, 2010-2021.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2026Article
- Primary gastric tuberculosis mimicking gastric lymphoma: a case report and multimodality imaging findings.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Reactivation of cereberal tuberculosis post-adalimumab therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: a case report.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
- Differences found in patient characteristics of migrant tuberculosis sub-populations within low TB incidence European countries, 2014-2020.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Interferon-gamma release assays as a tool for differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal tuberculosis.World journal of clinical cases · 2024Article
- Comparing the cost-effectiveness of the MPT64-antigen detection test to Xpert MTB/RIF and ZN-microscopy for the diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: An economic evaluation modelling study.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Clinical features, resistance patterns and treatment outcomes of drug-resistant extra-pulmonary tuberculosis: A scoping review.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2023Article
- Occurrence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis is associated with geographical origin: spatial characteristics of the Frankfurt TB cohort 2013-2018.Infection · 2023Article
- Epidemiology and Association Rules Analysis for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases with Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis from Age and Gender Perspective: A Large-Scale Retrospective Multicenter Observational Study in China.International journal of clinical practice · 2023Observational
- Association of Underlying Comorbidities and Sites of tuberculosis: an analysis using surveillance data.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2022Article
- Subjects With Diabetes Mellitus Are at Increased Risk for Developing Tuberculosis: A Cohort Study in an Inner-City District of Barcelona (Spain).Frontiers in public health · 2022Observational
- Totally laparoscopic treatment of intestinal tuberculosis complicated with bowel perforation: The first case report in worldwide literature with a brief review.Frontiers in surgery · 2022Article
- Extrapulmonary tuberculosis among migrants in Europe, 1995 to 2017.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2021Article
- A Pandemic within Other Pandemics. When a Multiple Infection of a Host Occurs: SARS-CoV-2, HIV andViruses · 2021Review
- Factors associated with localization of tuberculosis disease among patients in a high burden country: A health facility-based comparative study in Ethiopia.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2021Article
- How nonbacterial osteomyelitis could be discriminated from tuberculosis in the early stages: the simple algorithm.Clinical rheumatology · 2020Article
- Patient Delay in Initiating Tuberculosis Treatment and Associated Factors in Oromia Special Zone, Amhara Region.Pulmonary medicine · 2020Article
- Tuberculosis-Related Hospitalizations in a Low-Incidence Country: A Retrospective Analysis in Two Italian Infectious Diseases Wards.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe explored host-related factors associated with the site of tuberculosis (TB) disease using variables routinely collected by the 31 EU/EEA countries for national surveillance.
methodsLogistic regression models were fitted to case-based surveillance data reported to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control for TB cases notified from 2003 to 2014. Missing data on HIV infection and on susceptibility to isoniazid and rifampicin for many patients precluded the inclusion of these variables in the analysis. Records from Finland, Lithuania, Spain and the United Kingdom were excluded for lack of exact details of disease localisation; other records without one or more variable (e.g. previous treatment history, geographical origin) or who had mixed pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease or more than one form of extrapulmonary disease were also removed (total exclusion = 38% of 913,637 notifications).
results564,916 TB cases reported by 27 EU/EEA countries had exclusive pulmonary (PTB; 83%) or extrapulmonary (EPTB; 17%) disease. EPTB was associated with age <15 years (aOR: 5.50), female sex (aOR: 1.60), no previous TB treatment (aOR: 3.10), and geographic origin (aOR range: 0.52-3.74). Origin from the Indian subcontinent or Africa was most strongly associated with lymphatic, osteo-articular and peritoneal/digestive localization (aOR>3.7), and age <15 years with lymphatic (aOR: 17.96) and central nervous system disease (aOR: 11.41).
conclusionsAwareness of host-related determinants of site of TB is useful for diagnosis. The predilection for EPTB among patients originating from countries outside Europe may reflect strain preferences for disease localization, geographic/ethnic differences in disease manifestation and other factors, like HIV.
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