ArticlePediatric research2018
Anogenital distance as a phenotypic signature through infancy.
Article in Pediatric research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Systematic evidence mapping informs a class-based approach to assessing personal care products and pubertal timing.Environment international · 2023Pooled it
- Generation and characterization of a Cre-inducible MAP3K1 gain-of-function model.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Article
- Prenatal phthalate exposure and anogenital distance in infants at 12 months.Environment international · 2025Article
- Early fetal sex determination: the predictive value of anogenital distance and fetal heart rate in first-trimester ultrasound.American journal of neurodegenerative disease · 2025Article
- Estimation of Reference Values for External Genitalia Parameters in North Indian Preterm and Term Female Newborns.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Anogenital distance in a cohort of 169 infant boys with uni- or bilateral cryptorchidism including 18 boys with vanishing testes.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Correlation of anogenital distance from childhood to age 9 years-a prospective population-based birth cohort-the Odense Child Cohort.Human reproduction open · 2024Article
- Associations of Exposure to Air Pollution during the Male Programming Window and Mini-Puberty with Anogenital Distance and Penile Width at Birth and at 1 Year of Age in the Multicenter U.S. TIDES Cohort.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Prenatal Androgen Exposure and Traits of Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Offspring: Odense Child Cohort.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2023Article
- Clinical aspects of histological and hormonal parameters in boys with cryptorchidism: Thesis for PhD degree.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2022Article
- Association of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain with neonatal anogenital distance in a Chinese birth cohort.Reproductive health · 2022Article
- Association Between Neonatal Thyroid Function and Anogenital Distance from Birth to 48 Months of Age.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
- Anogenital Distance in Healthy Infants: Method-, Age- and Sex-related Reference Ranges.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2020Article
- Androgens and the masculinization programming window: human-rodent differences.Biochemical Society transactions · 2020Review
- Anogenital distance is associated with semen quality but not reproductive hormones in 1106 young men from the general population.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BackgroundAnogenital distance (AGD) has been suggested to represent a phenotypic signature reflecting in utero androgen action. However, it is not known whether an individual's AGD at birth correlates to the AGD later in life. We investigate correlations of AGD between 3 and 18 months of age and assess reproducibility of measurements.MethodsWe measured AGD from anus to scrotum (AGDas) and to penis (AGDap) in 407 boys, and to posterior fourchette (AGDaf) and clitoris (AGDac) in 282 girls. Each measure was repeated three times at 3 and 18 months of age, and some children were, furthermore, examined by two different examiners. We assessed age-related changes and reproducibility of measurements.ResultsAGD increased between the two examinations and correlated within the child. A large proportion of the observed variation in AGD was due to true differences between the children (AGDas: 62%, AGDap: 40%, AGDaf: 30%, AGDac: 21%), and measurement error due to between- and within-examiner variation was low.ConclusionsOur study showed that measures of AGD within a child correlated during infancy, especially in boys and particularly for AGD measured as the distance between anus and scrotum. A planned cohort follow-up through childhood and puberty will reveal whether AGD represents a phenotypic signature throughout life.
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