ArticleJournal of women's health (2002)2018
Sex Differences in the Psychometric Properties of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
Article in Journal of women's health (2002), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06233786 (Effectiveness of Non-invasive Neuromodulation in Primary Dysmenhorrea), which is not on this map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effectiveness of Non-invasive Neuromodulation in Primary Dysmenhorrea: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mapping the relationships among sleep, motor balance, and cognition in older adults: a systematic scoping review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Measuring Subjective Sleep Quality: A Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Dimensionality of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a systematic review.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2018Pooled it
- Psychometric evaluation of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index among South African women participating in the Bukhali trial: Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026Trial
- Examining the Factor Structure of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in a Multi-Ethnic Working Population in Singapore.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Trial
- Discrimination and Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Among Black Transgender Women in the United States: The Moderating Effect of Sleep.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Associations Between Sleep State Misperception and Emotional States in Middle-Aged Adults: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Behavioural neurology · 2026Article
- Sleep quality among university students in Lebanon during war conflicts: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Community pharmacies in early detection of obstructive sleep apnea: findings from a nationwide survey.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in the Role of Sleep on Cognition in Older Adults.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Lifestyle factors associated with presenteeism among city government office workers: a cross-sectional study.Journal of occupational health · 2024Article
- Sex differences in the role of sleep on cognition in older adults.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2024Article
- Investigating Chronotype and Sleep Quality in Psoriatic Patients: Results from an Observational, Web-Based Survey.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Sleep disturbances are associated with anxiety, depression, and decreased quality of life in patients with coronary heart disease.World journal of psychiatry · 2023Article
- Sex Differences Across the Life Course: A Focus On Unique Nutritional and Health Considerations among Women.The Journal of nutrition · 2022Article
- Sleep Self-Report and Actigraphy Measures in Healthy Midlife Women: Validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2022Article
- A Moderated Mediation Model of the Relationship between Family Dynamics and Sleep Quality in College Students: The Role of Big Five Personality and Only-Child Status.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Effects of continuous positive airway pressure treatment on sleep architecture in adults with obstructive sleep apnea and type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Article
- Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Nurse-Led "Outpatient-Ward-Home" Management Model in Chronic Kidney Patients.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Article
- Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Sleep Quality, Stress Level and Health-Related Quality of Life-A Large Prospective Cohort Study on Adult Danes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a well-known, validated, and reliable instrument used to measure the clinical construct of sleep quality. Little research has been done to measure its psychometric properties by sex. Previous researchers have established the validity of a three-factor structure, but it is unknown whether it applies to both men and women equally. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis study examined 198 participants; women (n = 104), men (n = 94) who were participants in the Diabetes Sleep Treatment Trial, an ongoing study examining the effect of continuous positive airway pressure on glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes. A principal components analysis with varimax rotation, scree plots, parallel analysis, and Eigenvalues confidence intervals were all computed to determine factor structure using the seven components measured in the PSQI.
resultsComponent one, a question about perceived sleep quality, loaded with "sleep efficiency" and "sleep duration" in men and with "daytime dysfunction" and "sleep disturbances" in women.
conclusionThis study confirms a three-factor structure as previously suggested; however, "perceived sleep quality" may load differently depending on the sex being examined. This result suggests that men and women may interpret what is meant by "overall sleep quality" differently.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.