Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29154128›Full record

ArticleNeuron2017

Discrete Circuits Support Generalized versus Context-Specific Vocal Learning in the Songbird.

Lucas Y Tian, Michael S Brainard

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neuron, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Neural representation of action symbols in primate frontal cortex.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
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  13. Application of the hierarchical bootstrap to multi-level data in neuroscience.Neurons, behavior, data analysis, and theory · 2020
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Lucas Y TianDepartments of Physiology and Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Electronic address: lucas.tian@ucsf.edu.
Michael S BrainardDepartments of Physiology and Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.

Funding

NEURAL ANALYSIS OF VOCAL LEARNINGR01MH055987 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI BRAINARD, MICHAEL S · 1996 to 2015
$5.9M
Behavioral and Neural Analysis of Vocal PlasticityR01DC006636 · NIDCD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI BRAINARD, MICHAEL S · 2004 to 2013
$3.3M
NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC006636NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH055987
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Motor skills depend on the reuse of individual gestures in multiple sequential contexts (e.g., a single phoneme in different words). Yet optimal performance requires that a given gesture be modified appropriately depending on the sequence in which it occurs. To investigate the neural architecture underlying such context-dependent modifications, we studied Bengalese finch song, which, like speech, consists of variable sequences of "syllables." We found that when birds are instructed to modify a syllable in one sequential context, learning generalizes across contexts; however, if unique instruction is provided in different contexts, learning is specific for each context. Using localized inactivation of a cortical-basal ganglia circuit specialized for song, we show that this balance between generalization and specificity reflects a hierarchical organization of neural substrates. Primary motor circuitry encodes a core syllable representation that contributes to generalization, while top-down input from cortical-basal ganglia circuitry biases this representation to enable context-specific learning.

Indexed as

AnimalsBasal GangliaCerebral CortexEfferent PathwaysFinchesGABA AgonistsGeneralization, PsychologicalLearningMaleMuscimolNeural PathwaysProsencephalonReinforcement, PsychologyVocalization, AnimalGABA AgonistsMuscimolbasal gangliabirdsongcoarticulationcontext-dependent learninggeneralizationmotor adaptationmotor sequencesmotor skill learningreinforcement learningvocal learning

Identifiers

PMID29154128
PMCPMC5731642

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.