Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29153117›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2017

Medical Expenditures Associated With Hypertension in the U.S., 2000-2013.

Donglan Zhang, Guijing Wang, Ping Zhang, Jing Fang, Carma Ayala

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04230928 (A Pilot Study Comparing Dietary Approaches to Decrease Hypertension in a Lower Income, African American Population at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 37 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
5.0field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04230928 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

A Pilot Study Comparing Dietary Approaches to Decrease Hypertension in a Lower Income, African American Population at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease

TypeinterventionalSponsorBaylor Research InstituteRan2020 to 2023Enrolled64ConditionsHypertension, African Americans, Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted, Risk Reduction BehaviorArmsVery low carbohydrate diet, Standard DPP-GLB diet, Standard DPP-GLB program modules
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Donglan ZhangDepartment of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia. Electronic address: dzhang@uga.edu.
Guijing WangDivision for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Ping ZhangDivision for Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Jing FangDivision for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Carma AyalaDivision for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention · USUniversity of Georgia · US

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999OSELS CDC HHS U36 OE000005
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionTrends of prevalence, treatment, and control of hypertension have been documented in the U.S., but changes in medical expenditures associated with hypertension over time have not been evaluated. This study analyzed these expenditures during 2000-2013 among U.S. adults.

methodsData from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey were analyzed in 2016. The study population was non-institutionalized men and non-pregnant women aged ≥18 years. Hypertension was defined as ever been diagnosed with hypertension or currently taking antihypertensive medications. Medical expenditures included all payments to medical care providers. Expenditures associated with hypertension were estimated by two-part regression models and adjusted into 2015 U.S. dollars. Controlling variables included sociodemographic characteristics, marital status, insurance, region, smoking status, weight status, health status, and comorbidities. Trends were analyzed using joinpoint method.

resultsTotal per-person annual expenditures associated with hypertension in 2000-2001 ($1,399) were not significantly different from those in 2012-2013 ($1,494) (average annual percent change [AAPC]= -0.6%, p=0.794), but annual national spending increased significantly from $58.7 billion to $109.1 billion (AAPC=8.3%, p=0.015), mainly because of the increase in the number of people treated for hypertension. Per-person outpatient payments were 22.7% higher in 2012-2013 than in 2000-2001 ($416 vs $322, p<0.05; AAPC=0.8%, p-trend=0.826). Payments for prescription medications took up a larger proportion of the medical expenditures associated with hypertension, compared to payments for outpatient or other services (33%-46%).

conclusionsDuring 2000-2013, annual national medical expenditures associated with hypertension increased significantly. Preventing hypertension could alleviate hypertension-associated economic burden.

Indexed as

Cost of IllnessAdultAgedAmbulatory CareAntihypertensive AgentsComorbidityFemaleHealth ExpendituresHealth StatusHumansHypertensionInsurance, HealthMaleMiddle AgedPrescription DrugsPrevalenceAntihypertensive AgentsPrescription Drugs

Identifiers

PMID29153117
PMCPMC5823517
OpenAlexW2770346216

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.